Analyzing the driving mechanisms of grain virtual water flow based on the case of China's main grains

Han, Xue; Zhang, Yidan; Wang, Haizhuang; Shi, Haiyang

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.008

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From within the Yellow River Basin, the export status of virtual water in Gansu Province and Ningxia Autonomous Region is in contradiction with local water resource endowment. However, relevant studies [ 31 , 92 , 93 , 94 ] have also shown that northern China, which is seriously short of water, still exports virtual water to southern China through the grain trade, resulting in northern China becoming the main export area of virtual water [ 95 ]. Therefore, the method of coordinating the management of water resources in water-shortage areas is still an important research topic for the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Water Flow Pattern in the Yellow River Basin, China: An Analysis Based on a Multiregional Input–Output Model

Liu

Xiong

Guo³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Research on the Yellow River Basin’s virtual water is not only beneficial for rational water resource regulation and allocation, but it is also a crucial means of relieving the pressures of a shortage of water resources. The water stress index and pull coefficient have been introduced to calculate the implied virtual water from intraregional and interregional trade in the Yellow River Basin on the basis of a multi-regional input–output model; a systematic study of virtual water flow has been conducted. The analysis illustrated that: (1) Agriculture is the leading sector in terms of virtual water input and output among all provinces in the Yellow River Basin, which explains the high usage. Therefore, it is important to note that the agricultural sector needs to improve its water efficiency. In addition to agriculture, virtual water is mainly exported through supply companies in the upper reaches; the middle reaches mainly output services and the transportation industry, and the lower reaches mainly output to the manufacturing industry. Significant differences exist in the pull coefficients of the same sectors in different provinces (regions). The average pull coefficients of the manufacturing, mining, and construction industries are large, so it is necessary to formulate stricter water use policies. (2) The whole basin is in a state of virtual net water input, that is, throughout the region. The Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Qinghai Provinces, which are relatively short of water, import virtual water to relieve local water pressures. However, in the Gansu Province and the Ningxia Autonomous Region, where water resources are not abundant, continuous virtual water output will exacerbate the local resource shortage. (3) The Yellow River Basin’s virtual water resources have obvious geographical distribution characteristics. The cross-provincial trade volume in the downstream area is high; the virtual water trade volume in the upstream area is low, as it is in the midstream and downstream areas; the trade relationship is insufficient. The Henan and Shandong Provinces are located in the dominant flow direction of Yellow River Basin’s virtual water, while Gansu and Inner Mongolia are at the major water sources. Trade exchanges between the midstream and downstream and the upstream should be strengthened. Therefore, the utilization of water resources should be planned nationwide to reduce water pressures, and policymakers should improve the performance of agricultural water use within the Yellow River Basin and change the main trade industries according to the resource advantages and water resources situation of each of them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Water Flow Pattern in the Yellow River Basin, China: An Analysis Based on a Multiregional Input–Output Model

Liu

Xiong

Guo³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cultivated land area (i.e., the scope of livestock farming) and labor force play a significant impact in animal product output. Using the research of Zhao et al ( 2019 2023), this study examined the agricultural resources of countries based on total farmland area and agricultural employment rate [53][54][55]. In addition, the livestock production index can be used to measure a country's livestock and dairy production; hence, it is also used to measure agricultural resources in this article.…”

Section: ) Agricultural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Land and Water Flows and Driving Factors Related to Livestock Products Trade in China

Zhou

Wang

2023

Land

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Agricultural trade, which involves the exchange of virtual water and land resources, can effectively regulate the allocation of resources among countries while enhancing the well-being of resource-rich and resource-poor nations. China’s animal products trade market concentration is greater, and the livestock industry consumes more water than other agricultural sectors. In order to alleviate the pressure on China’s domestic water and land resources and to ensure that Chinese residents have access to animal products, this article examines the trade situation and drivers of virtual water and land resources related to Chinese animal products trade. This study used the heat equivalent method to measure the virtual water and land flows of the import and export of beef, pork, and mutton from 1992 to 2018, which is followed by the gravity model to investigate the factors impacting China’s flow of virtual land and water related to livestock products trade. We found that the economic development and the agricultural resources of exporters, as well as China’s agricultural employment rates, have a stable beneficial impact on China’s livestock imports. The population of importing nations, China’s cultivated land area, and the livestock production index of importers and exporters have a positive impact on the export of livestock products from China. Our results remain robust following a series of additional tests.

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Research on ecological restoration assessment and eco-economic development of sea area by introducing the K-means clustering algorithm

Dai,

Fang,

Guo

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Analyzing the driving mechanisms of grain virtual water flow based on the case of China's main grains

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Virtual Water Flow Pattern in the Yellow River Basin, China: An Analysis Based on a Multiregional Input–Output Model

Virtual Water Flow Pattern in the Yellow River Basin, China: An Analysis Based on a Multiregional Input–Output Model

Virtual Land and Water Flows and Driving Factors Related to Livestock Products Trade in China

Research on ecological restoration assessment and eco-economic development of sea area by introducing the K-means clustering algorithm

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