Analyzing the Ignored Environmental Contaminants

Erickson, Britt E.

doi:10.1021/es022497d

Cited by 105 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…For example, a growing body of research indicates that associations between breast cancer incidence and drinking water quality warrant further analysis because many common pollutants in domestic wastewater and agricultural runoffFincluding pesticides, detergents, plasticizers, and personal care products and their breakdown productsFcan mimic estrogen or otherwise disrupt hormones (Purdom et al, 1994;Jobling et al, 1995;Soto et al, 1995;Routledge et al, 1998;Daughton and Ternes, 1999), and cumulative lifetime exposure to estrogen has been linked to breast cancer risk (Kelsey and Gammon, 1991;Bernstein, 2002). However, assessing historical exposures to many of these compounds is difficult because they have not been regulated in water supplies, so limited historical measurements are available (Mueller et al, 2001), and only recently have analytical methods been developed for their detection (Erickson, 2002;Kolpin et al, 2002). Even with advances in chemical analyses, obtaining current measurements for all the chemicals relevant to breast cancer that are present in complex mixtures, such as wastewater, would be very resource intensive; and current water quality is not necessarily a good indicator of past exposure (Arbuckle et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical reconstruction of wastewater and land use impacts to groundwater used for public drinking water:Exposure assessment using chemical data and GIS

Swartz

Rudel

Kachajian

et al. 2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Land use in geographic areas that replenish groundwater and surface water resources is increasingly recognized as an important factor affecting drinking water quality. Efforts to understand the implications for health, particularly outcomes with long latency or critical exposure windows, have been hampered by lack of historical exposure data for unregulated pollutants. This limitation has hindered studies of the possible links between breast cancer risk and drinking water impacted by endocrine disrupting compounds and mammary carcinogens, for example. This paper describes a methodology to assess potential historical exposure to a broad range of chemicals associated with wastewater and land use impacts to 132 groundwater wells and one surface water body supplying drinking water to 18 public distribution systems on Cape Cod, MA. We calculated annual measures of impact to each distribution system and used the measures as exposure estimates for the residential addresses of control women in the Cape Cod Breast Cancer and Environment Study (Cape Cod Study). Impact was assessed using (1) historical chemical measurements of nitrate at the water supply sources (performed as required by the Safe Water Drinking Act) and (2) a geographic information system analysis of land use within the zones of contribution (ZOCs) delineated for each well in a state-mandated wellhead protection program. The period for which these impact estimates were developed was constrained by the availability of chemical measurements and land use data and consideration of time required for groundwater transport of contaminants to the water supply wells. Trends in these estimates for Cape Cod suggest increasing impact to drinking water quality for land use over the study period. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the effect on the distribution of controls' cumulative exposure estimates from (1) reducing the area of the ZOCs to reflect typical well operating conditions rather than extreme pumping conditions used for the regulatory ZOCs, (2) assuming residences received their drinking water entirely from the closest well or cluster of wells rather than a volume-weighted annual district-wide average, and (3) changing the travel time considered for contaminants to reach wells from land use sources. We found that the rank and distribution of controls' cumulative exposure estimates were affected most by the assumption concerning district mixing; in particular, assignment of exposure estimates based on impact values for the closest well(s) consistently produced a larger number of unexposed controls than when a district-wide average impact value was used. As expected, the results suggest that adequate characterization of water quality heterogeneity within water supplies is an important component of exposure assessment methodologies in health studies investigating impacted drinking water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical reconstruction of wastewater and land use impacts to groundwater used for public drinking water:Exposure assessment using chemical data and GIS

Swartz

Rudel

Kachajian

et al. 2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…O EDSTAC descreve um interferente endócrino como uma substância ou mistura química exógena que altera uma ou mais funções do sistema endócrino, bem como a sua estrutura, causando efeitos adversos Em seus estudos Erickson (2002) cita que os hormônios excretados na urina e fezes são levados para a rede coletora, sendo posteriormente levado ao ambiente. O lançamento de efluentes in natura ou mesmo processados são as principais vias de contaminação do ambiente aquático, seja pelo déficit de infraestrutura em saneamento, seja pela ineficiência (tecnológica e/ou operacional) das estações de tratamento.…”

Section: Desreguladores Endócrinosunclassified

Desreguladores Endócrinos no Meio Ambiente e o Uso de Potenciais Bioindicadores

Schiavini¹,

Cardoso²,

Rodrigues³

2016

R. Eletr. TECCEN

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“…O lançamento de efluentes in natura ou mesmo processados são as principais vias de contaminação do ambiente aquático, seja pelo déficit de infra-estrutura em saneamento, seja pela ineficiência (tecnológica e/ou operacional) das estações de tratamento 15 . Apesar de possuírem meia-vida relativamente curta quando comparados a outros compostos orgâni-cos (como alguns pesticidas), os estrógenos naturais são continua-Reis Filho et al…”

Section: O Sistema Endócrino E Os Hormônios Estrógenos Naturais E Sinunclassified

Hormônios sexuais estrógenos: contaminantes bioativos

Filho¹,

Araújo²,

Vieira³

2006

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 3/3/05; aceito em 7/10/05; publicado na web em 12/4/06 SEXUAL ESTROGENIC HORMONES: BIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS. Natural and synthetic estrogens have been detected in rivers, lakes and estuaries in several parts of the world. The primary sources of these compounds are the industrial and household effluents, which are not eliminated by the received treatment. This paper presents a brief description of the problem as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the main compounds, the environmental behavior, methods of determination, ecotoxicological aspects and a discussion about its relevance in terms of ecology and public health.Keywords: hormones; endocrine disrupters, environmental chemistry. CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃOUm dos campos mais proeminentes da química ambiental é o estudo de micropoluentes orgânicos em ambientes aquáticos. Micropoluentes orgânicos são substâncias que mesmo estando presentes em pequenas concentrações, são capazes de desencadear efeitos sobre os sistemas em que são introduzidos. O termo vem sendo empregado há muito tempo tanto que Mackay 1 , em 1982, já classificava como micropoluentes os compostos químicos usualmente detectados em concentrações abaixo de 1 parte por milhão (1 mg L -1 ). Porém, dentro deste grande grupo que virtualmente compreende um universo de milhares de compostos, os chamados disruptores endócrinos vêm se destacando em importância.A USEPA 2 ("United States Environmental Protection Agency") define disruptores endócrinos (EDCs) como agentes exógenos que interferem na síntese, secreção, transporte, recepção, ação, ou eliminação dos hormônios naturais do corpo, que são responsáveis pela manutenção da homeostase (preservação da constância interna), reprodução, desenvolvimento e comportamento. A Comunidade Européia 3 estende os efeitos adversos dos EDCs à prole dos organismos expostos. A ação dos EDCs dá-se pelo bloqueio, pela mimetização, estimulação, ou inibição da produção dos hormônios naturais 4 . Estes compostos são amplamente utilizados pela sociedade moderna 5 , sendo encontrados em produtos farmacêuticos, produtos de uso pessoal (como ex. as fragrâncias), pesticidas, antioxidantes, plásticos, produtos industrializados, tensoativos entre outros.A primeira hipótese sobre os efeitos dos EDCs foi levantada na década de 1980, com a observação de características femininas em machos de aves coloniais da região dos Grandes Lagos (EUA-Canadá) expostos a agrotóxicos, sendo o mesmo fenômeno relatado em populações de jacarés de lagos da Flórida 6 . Mas somente na década de 90 a questão emergiu como sendo uma das principais no campo da pesquisa ambiental moderna 7 , existindo uma intensa produção na área 8 com tendência de crescimento ainda maior, devido à abrangência dos tópicos e desafios relacionados com o tema. O SISTEMA ENDÓCRINO E OS HORMÔNIOS ESTRÓGENOS NATURAIS E SINTÉTICOSO sistema endócrino é um mecanismo complexo que coordena e regula a comunicação entre as células, constituído por combinações de glândulas e hormônios, sendo responsável pelas funções biológica...

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Analyzing the Ignored Environmental Contaminants

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Historical reconstruction of wastewater and land use impacts to groundwater used for public drinking water:Exposure assessment using chemical data and GIS

Historical reconstruction of wastewater and land use impacts to groundwater used for public drinking water:Exposure assessment using chemical data and GIS

Desreguladores Endócrinos no Meio Ambiente e o Uso de Potenciais Bioindicadores

Hormônios sexuais estrógenos: contaminantes bioativos

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