Analyzing the Impact of Bapco 5 MW Solar PV Grid-Connected Project on Bahrain’s Outlook for Energy-Mix Production

Alnaser, N.W.; Alnaser, W.E.

doi:10.4236/ijmnta.2019.83006

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This installation was part of 6.9 kW hybrid renewable energy project (4 kW solar PV, 1.7 kW wind, 1.2 kW hydrogen fuel cells) managed by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (Bapco). Subsequently, a 5 MW PV was installed in Bahrain in 2014 (Alnaser et al, 2014(Alnaser et al, , 2015(Alnaser et al, , 2018Alnaser, 2017;Alnaser and Alnaser, 2019). This PV installation is located at Princess Sabeeka Park in the city of Awali (26.08828 N,50.54978 E).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the yield of 8.64 kW PV panels installed on a rooftop of a building in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Alnaser

2020

SASBE

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PurposeThis paper allows more accurate estimation of the economy in investing in PV electrification for buildings, especially for Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCCC) where they have nearly similar climate and building structure. The actual solar electricity yield from this building is used to make empirical modelling.Design/methodology/approachThe accurate automated daily-recorded solar electricity from 8.64 kW solar PV on a rooftop of Sadeem Building at Awali, Bahrain, was modelled to polynomial equations of order of 6. The effect of the tilt (β) and azimuth (Ψ) angle of PV panels for smart and sustainable buildings is studied.FindingsThe correlation of each set of polynomial equation (R2) is listed and had reached a highest value of 0.9792 (for order of 6) with lowest value of 0.1853 (for order of 1). The model may be also applied to the GCCC. The results show that each kW of PV will have a solar electricity yield, on average, of 4.1 kWh. It also shows that the tilt angle has little influence on the solar electricity yield (less than 10%) when the tilt angle changed from 26° to 0° or from 26° to 50°. The influence of the azimuth angle is found to be more than 50% in changing Ψ from 90° to 180°.Research limitations/implicationsThe model may not be restricted to Bahrain but applies – to a certain extent – to GCCC (six countries) and to other countries having buildings with similar roof design and at latitude close to the latitude of Bahrain.Practical implicationsThe model enables developers and investors to estimate, with high accuracy, the solar electricity provided from a building if PV panels are to be installed on its rooftop (or facade) at different tilt (β) and azimuth (Ψ) angle for smart and sustainable buildings.Social implicationsEmpirically finding out how much each kW of solar PV integrated to the building will produce solar energy electricity (in kWh), that is, 1 kW of PV yield, on average, 4.1 kWh.Originality/valueEstablishing empirical models to evaluate the outcome of each installed kW of PV panels. Each 1 kW installation of PV panels is 4.0 kWh/day, on average. This is less than what commercial companies claim for this region, that is, 1 kW produces 5.5 kWh/ day – which affects the estimated economic outcome of PV projects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the yield of 8.64 kW PV panels installed on a rooftop of a building in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Alnaser

2020

SASBE

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“…Bahrain launched the kingdom's Economic Vision 2030 in 2008, aimed to reduce dependence on oil and transition towards sustainability. The vision addresses Sustainable Development Goals 2030, with a target of 700 MW of renewable energy generation capacity by 2030 [38]. It also includes a renewable energy target of generating 5% of its energy from renewables by 2025 and 10% by 2035.…”

Section: Bahrain: Ambitious But Stagnant Developermentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Energy Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Status, Barriers, and Policy Options

Al‐Sarihi

Mansouri

2022

Energies

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The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates—hold almost 30% of the world’s total proven oil reserves and around 20% of its total proven natural gas reserves. They are also endowed with a high abundance of renewable energy resources such as solar and wind. Yet, the GCC’s primary energy consumption is still dominated by fossil fuels, and the share of renewable energy still does not exceed 1%. Drawing on secondary data, including journal articles, governmental and companies’ websites, and reports and newspaper articles, this paper assesses the reasons behind their underutilization of renewable energy resources. Whereas technical and economic feasibility issues had been identified as the main barriers to slow the uptake of renewable energy technologies in the GCC, this paper uncovered that various additional factors have remarkably influenced such delays. High hydrocarbon subsidies, low electricity tariff structure, fragmented energy policy, the absence of dedicated renewable energy regulator and regulatory framework, and a highly controlled power market are major barriers to renewable energy adoption in the GCC. The paper concludes with policy options to inform scaling up the adoption of renewable energy in the GCC.

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“…It clearly shows that each installed kW is expected to produce, annually, about 1650 kWh of solar electricity, i.e. daily 4.5 kWh [25].…”

Section: Technical and Strategical Issue On Solar Technology Utilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the rise of using solar energy in GCC countries

Alnaser

2019

Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain.

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The research and the prototype projects in the GCC countries were in place since 1970's which first was started in Kuwait, followed by Saudi Arabia in the 1980's, United Arab Emirates in the 1990's, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar in 21 centuries. Now all GCC countries had conducted, relatively, large project in solar and wind energy, especially Kuwait (currently about 70 MW among a plan of 2000 MW by 2030), UAE (currently about 300 MW among a plan of 2500 MW by 2030) and Saudi Arabia (with an ambitious renewable energy target of 3450 MW by 2020 with a further 6000 GW envisioned by 2023 and to 200 000 MW by 2030). Such an acceleration in the use of solar and wind energy would have an impact. Major impacts are: (1) Major reduction in the solar electricity prices in the region; (2) More investors in renewable energy business; (3) Rise of innovative design of houses to utilize its structure in installation and integration of renewable energy devices; (4) Rise of many service and maintenance of solar technology companies; (5) Establishment of new academic programs and courses in solar and other renewable energy technologies in the higher education institute and technical organizations; (6) More concern and studies on disturbances to the main grid due to solar connection; (7) Major reduction in carbon footprint per capita in GCC countries; (8) Use of more efficient and low consumption household and industrial devices; (9) Boost in battery industry for solar electricity storage.

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Analyzing the Impact of Bapco 5 MW Solar PV Grid-Connected Project on Bahrain’s Outlook for Energy-Mix Production

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Modelling the yield of 8.64 kW PV panels installed on a rooftop of a building in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Modelling the yield of 8.64 kW PV panels installed on a rooftop of a building in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Renewable Energy Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Status, Barriers, and Policy Options

The impact of the rise of using solar energy in GCC countries

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