“…In addition to studying the relationship between game types and personality traits, some researchers are inclined to look at motivational effect that a specific game element has on student's performance, such as leaderboards (Ortiz-Rojas, Chiluiza, K., & Valcke, 2019;De Pontes, Medeiros, Guerrero & De Figueiredo, 2019;González, 2018) or a certain combination of game element, such as game goal, choice, points, and praise delivered by a non-player character (Brom, Bromová & Děchtěrenko, 2019). Ortiz-Rojas, Chiluiza & Valcke (2019) considered association between learning performance and following background variables: sex, previous gaming experience, and undergraduate major.…”