Analyzing the Photoprotection Efficiency of Sunscreens Containing Antioxidants under Disinfection Conditions

Abstract

Sunscreens ensure thorough protection against sunburn. The delivery of UV filters into the stratum corneum and viable epidermis could be reduced by the use of antioxidants (such as β-carotene and trans-resveratrol, alone or combined). The presence/absence of antioxidants (trans-resveratrol and β-carotene) in formulations containing benzophenone-3 (UV-filter) and their efficiency under disinfection and neutral conditions are studied and compared. The trial was conducted on 38 people. The prepared ointments were applied to the participants’ forearms, irradiated and monitored by reflectance colorimetry after 0, 4, 6, and 8 min. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the skin color’s main characteristics and the F-ratio was used to test overall differences. The ointments containing antioxidants and benzophenone-3 were the most efficient, followed by those with benzophenone-3 alone. It was proven that photoprotection with benzophenone-3 is still effective, despite the formation of its chlorinated products. Due to the short time of exposure to disinfecting conditions, it could be assumed that benzophenone-3 was only partially chlorinated. This clinical study demonstrated that formulations containing antioxidants are likely to be more suitable for protecting skin against UVB irradiation than a UV filter alone.

Silica nanoparticle conjugation with gallic acid towards enhanced free radical scavenging capacity and activity on osteosarcoma cells in vitro

“…This means that it can act as both an oxidizing agent, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. 6 In line with this Janus-faced behaviour, GA was previously described to enhance or inhibit tumour development.…”

“…11 In this case, GA's ability to counteract oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals underpins its activity as inhibitor in cancer progression. 6,8,12 Particularly for osteosarcoma cells, Ching-Lung and coworkers found that GA treatment of U2-OS cells suppressed cell migration due to the down-regulation of PKC, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PI3K/AKT, resulting in inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions. 12 In view of the multifaced activity, development of GAconjugated materials is a vastly studied field.…”

Chlorination of UV Filters with Antioxidant Shield in Swimming Pool Waters – Products Identification and Toxicity Assessment

“…For this study, 46 a controlled clinical trial was conducted on 38 volunteers (age: 20-60; female: 28; male: 10) to whom an area of the forearm was irradiated with an UV-B light. To conduct the study, the consent of Slovenian National Medical Ethics Committee was obtained (16 May 2018, No.…”

Protective Effect of the Hydrophilic Extract of Polypodium leucotomos, Fernblock®, against the Synergistic Action of UVA Radiation and Benzo[a]pyrene Pollutant

“…Various botanicals endowed with antioxidant activity are emerging as new natural photoprotective compounds, including Curcuma longa extract and trans-resveratrol, the latter being a highly used antioxidant in sunscreens [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In this context, the natural extract from Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock ® , FB) has been shown to exert antioxidant and photoprotective effects against UVA light in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the two main cellular components of the skin [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Additionally, it leads to decreased oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant cellular mechanisms in skin cells upon exposure to fine pollutant particles (PM 2.5 ) [ 38 ].…”