Analyzing the Stability of the Water-in-Diesel Fuel Emulsion

Abstract

The diesel engine exhaust gas consists of many hazardous components that need to be reduced. Incorporation of water in fuel restricts the emission of such toxic gases and helps to reduce pollution. The aim of this research work is to develop a water-in-diesel fuel emulsion having maximum stability. Initially, the most suitable surfactant/blend of surfactants has been investigated, which gives the maximum stability to the Water-in-Diesel (W/D) emulsion. It is found that a blend of Span 80 and Tween 80 gives an effective result. The W/D emulsion was prepared by using a high-speed mixing homogenizer and adding a small amount of water into the diesel containing blend of Span 80 and Tween 80. The results show that 10% W/D emulsion having 5% surfactant concentration gives the most desirable emulsion stability. Beyond 10% water concentration, the properties of the W/D emulsion get lowered.

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“…Performance and starting ignition problems of fuel take place if too much water percent present in emulsion fuel [19]. Addition of water to certain limit had positive effect, but continuing in increasing water percent decrease emulsion stability [20]. The reason behind of the increasing emission of larger amount of CO concentration and engine efficiency problems is too much loss in latent heat in combustion of fuel to completely burn [21,22].…”

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“…The simulation of emulsion was without surfactant. And it was tested from 0% -20% of water and it was found that at 5% of water, emulsion gave minimum nitrogen said that the percentage of water must be less than 10% to keep the property of emulsion [3]. Ramlan et al 2016 said that using 6.5% reduced NO x up 23% and that they used emulsion without surfactant.…”

“…They analyzed the stability of water Diesel emulsion and found that span 80 and tween 80 give the DOI: 10.4236/epe.2019.119021 334 Energy and Power Engineering most stable emulsion and the percentage varies from 0% to 10%. When the percentage is beyond 10%, the property of emulsion gets lowered [3]. Nadeem at al 2006 said that using 15% of water and surfactant, the emulsion was stable and effective [4].…”

“…Nadeem at al 2006 said that using 15% of water and surfactant, the emulsion was stable and effective [4]. But Patil et al 2015 said that the percentage of water must be less than 10% in order to keep the stability of emulsion [3]. After analyzing the effect of water percentage, they said that for emulsion which doesn't contain surfactant, 6.5% of water give effective water and diesel emulsion [5].…”

“…It was found that as the quantity of water increases, it reduces the stability of emulsion. So, span 80 and tween 80 are the best surfactants and when the percentage of water is beyond 10%, the properties get lowered [3]. Before starting this study NP9, was tried and it was found that NP9 can mix with water but when that mixture is mixed with water; there is formation of small solid particles.…”