Analyzing Third Party Service Dependencies in Modern Web Services

Kashaf, Aqsa; Sekar, Vyas; Agarwal, Yuvraj

doi:10.1145/3419394.3423664

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Yet, we posit that combining different control plane signals can pave the way for building such a detector as the next step in our work. We also plan to investigate other outages, e.g., the Google outage [6] and Facebook outage [4], as well as possible disruptions of popular applications due to such outages [8].…”

Section: Discussion and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale outage visibility on the control plane

Becker

Hohlfeld

Smaragdakis

2021

Proceedings of the CoNEXT Student Workshop

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With the increasing cloud usage for access to fast and well-connected computational power, cloud outages have also become a growing risk for businesses and individuals alike. We derive a method to analyze publicly available BGP data to measure the visibility of cloud providers' outages on the Internet control plane. We then utilize this method to analyze an outage of Cloudflare, a large DNS and content provider. Cloudflare's outage study shows that visible traces can be found in BGP, enabling data-driven outage studies.

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Section: Discussion and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale outage visibility on the control plane

Becker

Hohlfeld

Smaragdakis

2021

Proceedings of the CoNEXT Student Workshop

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“…Our work is motivated by recent reports about consolidation trends in the Internet [9,16,21,28,36] and their economic, political and reliability implications [7,10,11,18,19,26,36]. The 2019 Global Internet Report [7] provides an overview of these trends in every aspect of the Internet economy, from access provision to service infrastructure to applications.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A client visiting a website needs to interact with each of these services -to find the IP of servers hosting the content, validate the servers' credentials, and fetch the content many times from different CDNs. Kashaf et al [21] leverages this observation to study the level of dependency of popular websites on third-party services, and the consolidation of these markets. Their work reveals several interesting trends.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a growing concern about consolidation trends in the Internet -the concentration of traffic, infrastructure, services and users on a handful of providers -given its economic, political and reliability implications [7,10,18,19]. Recent work has started to analyze these trends in the context of DNS [9,36], cloud providers [28] and the Web in general [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Kashaf et al [21] leverages this observation to evaluate third-party dependencies in popular websites. The study characterizes the dependency of Alexa's most popular sites on third-party DNS, CA and CDNs, based on data collected from a single vantage point in the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Third-party Service Dependencies and Centralization Around the World

Kumar¹,

Asif²,

Lee³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There is a growing concern about consolidation trends in Internet services, with, for instance, a large fraction of popular websites depending on a handful of third-party service providers. In this paper, we report on a large-scale study of third-party dependencies around the world, using vantage points from 50 countries, from all inhabited continents, and regional top-500 popular websites. This broad perspective shows that dependencies vary widely around the world. We find that between 15% and as much as 80% of websites, across all countries, depend on a DNS, CDN or CA thirdparty provider. Sites' critical dependencies, while lower, are equally spread ranging from 9% and 61% (CDN and DNS in China, respectively). Despite this high variability, our results suggest a highly concentrated market of third-party providers: three third-party providers across all countries serve an average of 91.2% and Google, by itself, serves an average of 72% of the surveyed websites. We explore various factors that may help explain the differences and similarities in degrees of third-party dependency across countries, including economic conditions, Internet development, language, and economic trading partners.

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The Role of Network Centralization in Shaping Digital Sovereignty: An Analysis Under the DNS Lens

Azevedo,

Scheid,

Franco

et al. 2024

Int J Network Mgmt

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Centralization of Internet‐based services in a few key players has been a topic of study in recent years. One of such services, the domain name system (DNS), is one of the pillars of the Internet, which allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy‐to‐remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. In this DNS context, the reliance on a small number of large DNS providers can lead to (a) risks of data breaches and disruption of service in the event of failures and (b) concerns about the digital sovereignty of countries regarding DNS hosting. As several essential services are provided through electronic government (E‐Gov), it is highly important to be able to measure the digital sovereignty of a nation and the impacts that the lack of such feature can bring to its citizens. This work approaches the issue of DNS concentration on the Internet by presenting a solution to measure DNS hosting centralization and digital sovereignty in different countries, such as Brazil, India, China, Russia, and South Africa. With the data obtained through these measurements, relevant questions are answered, such as which are the top‐10 DNS providers, if there is DNS centralization, and how dependent countries are on such providers to manage domains using their country code top‐level domains (ccTLD). Future opportunities could investigate the impacts on sovereignty under the lens of other layers of the open systems interconnection (OSI) Network Sovereignty representation model presented in this work.

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Analyzing Third Party Service Dependencies in Modern Web Services

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Large scale outage visibility on the control plane

Large scale outage visibility on the control plane

Third-party Service Dependencies and Centralization Around the World

The Role of Network Centralization in Shaping Digital Sovereignty: An Analysis Under the DNS Lens

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