Analyzing volatiles in brown rice vinegar by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–Arrow: Optimizing the extraction conditions and comparisons with conventional SPME

Abstract

The ability to readily determine the composition of brown rice vinegar is important for quality assurance purposes. To that end, solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-Arrow method was optimized for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from brown rice vinegar. Compared to traditional SPME fibers, SPME-Arrow has a larger sorbent-phase volume and is more durable. The SPME-Arrow conditions, including coating material, extraction temperature, extraction time, and NaCl concentration, were examined, which led to optimum extraction conditions that include: carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fiber, 50°C, 30 min of SPME-Arrow, and 0% NaCl (i.e., no added NaCl). The developed method was compared to an optimized method based on conventional SPME. Twelve major VOCs, including acetates, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and furan derivatives, were extracted by SPME-Arrow, while only seven VOCs were extracted using the traditional SPME. Moreover, SPME-Arrow extracted more 1.3-2 times more VOCs than SPME. Hence, the CAR/PDMS SPME-Arrow fiber is suitable for acquiring VOC profiles from brown rice vinegar.

Comparison of Different Types of SPME Arrow Sorbents to Analyze Volatile Compounds in Cirsium setidens Nakai

“…SPME Arrows are also covered with a larger volume (6–20 times) of the sorbent phases than SPME fibers, indicating a higher sample capacity [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Therefore, SPME Arrow extracts are more efficient and have better reproducibility than SPME fibers and allow for more volatile compounds to be extracted and analyzed in food [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Since the development of the SPME Arrow, studies on the analysis of harmful components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and volatile amines in wastewater, have been carried out [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Hunting Molecules in Complex Matrices with SPME Arrows: A Review

“…There are not as many publications on SPME Arrow in food analysis, as compared to traditional SPME fibers [8]. However, in the past couple of years, several applications have spanned the analysis of diverse matrices including fish and rice [52,53]. For instance, Song and coworkers compared carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) SPME sorbents in the fiber format to the arrow format for the HS extraction of volatiles present in salt-fermented sand lance fish sauce [53].…”

Processing of Flavor-Enhanced Oils: Optimization and Validation of Multiple Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Arrow to Quantify Pyrazines in the Oils

“…SPME-arrow fiber is a new device, which has 6–20 times larger than the sorbent phase of traditional SPME fiber and shows more than 10 times the sensitivities and extraction efficacies [ 20 ]. Until now, SPME-arrow fiber has been employed for the determination of volatiles of various food products, such as brown rice vinegar [ 21 ], Korean salt–fermented fish sauce [ 20 ], soy sauce [ 22 ], and milk [ 23 ]. In these studies, SPME-arrow showed higher extraction performance, such as more kinds of compounds extracted, larger extraction amount, and better reproducibility.…”