Anaphora and Semantic Innocence

Smit, J. P.; Steglich‐Petersen, Asbjørn

doi:10.1093/jos/ffp012

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Let us start by examining the Deixis Hypothesis. On this view, the pronoun “he” of (28), rather than being anaphoric on “Bill,” operates as a deictic particle whose value, the individual Bill, is determined relative to a referent raised to salience by the in‐quote NP “Bill.” Smit and Steglich‐Petersen () object that embracing this line of thinking would force one to uphold that even the pronoun occurring in (32) is deictic, which, they argue, is problematic.…”

Section: Coreference By Deixismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The argument, a version of which is endorsed by Smit and Steglich-Petersen (2010), generates a strong case against R-Inheritance. Notice that the issue appears bound to surface no matter what specific approach to the nature of unbound anaphora one chooses to adopt.…”

Section: (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples (49) – (52) are indebted to Smit and Steglich‐Petersen () and to conversation with Jack Spencer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples (49)-(52) are indebted toSmit and Steglich-Petersen (2010) and to conversation with Jack Spencer. 8 Examples(53)and(54)are indebted to conversation with Salvador Mascarenhas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pronominal anaphora, coreference, and closed quotation marks

Gasparri

2018

Mind & Language

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Consider the following sentence: “Mary meditated on the sentence ‘Bill is a good friend’ and concluded that he was a good friend.” It is standardly assumed that in sentences of this sort, containing so‐called “closed” quotations, the expressions occurring between quotation marks are mentioned and do not take their ordinary referents. The quoted NP “Bill” refers, if anything, to the name ‘Bill,’ not to the individual Bill. At the same time, the pronoun “he,” apparently anaphoric on quoted “Bill,” refers to the individual Bill. The case seems thus to invalidate the intuitive principle that pronouns anaphoric on referential expressions inherit their reference from their antecedents. The paper formulates the argument, argues that sentences exhibiting the described pattern do not constitute evidence against the intuitive principle, and proposes an alternative account of the anaphoric relation involved.

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Section: Coreference By Deixismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pronominal anaphora, coreference, and closed quotation marks

Gasparri

2018

Mind & Language

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“…Such responses require establishing correspondences between nouns (and pronouns), possibly separated by long spans of text. Anaphoric resolution (establishing correspondence among nouns and pronouns that refer to the same entity within and across sentences) is difficult, hence we acknowledge the possibility of overestimation in this process (31,32). Our analysis relies upon counting words from our dictionary of relationship terms.…”

Section: A Caveat On Anaphora and Overestimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Words Matter? Detecting Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults Using Natural Language Processing

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Social isolation and loneliness (SI/L) are growing problems with serious health implications for older adults, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined transcripts from semi-structured interviews with 97 older adults (mean age 83 years) to identify linguistic features of SI/L.Methods: Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods were used to identify relevant interview segments (responses to specific questions), extract the type and number of social contacts and linguistic features such as sentiment, parts-of-speech, and syntactic complexity. We examined: (1) associations of NLP-derived assessments of social relationships and linguistic features with validated self-report assessments of social support and loneliness; and (2) important linguistic features for detecting individuals with higher level of SI/L by using machine learning (ML) models.Results: NLP-derived assessments of social relationships were associated with self-reported assessments of social support and loneliness, though these associations were stronger in women than in men. Usage of first-person plural pronouns was negatively associated with loneliness in women and positively associated with emotional support in men. ML analysis using leave-one-out methodology showed good performance (F1 = 0.73, AUC = 0.75, specificity = 0.76, and sensitivity = 0.69) of the binary classification models in detecting individuals with higher level of SI/L. Comparable performance were also observed when classifying social and emotional support measures. Using ML models, we identified several linguistic features (including use of first-person plural pronouns, sentiment, sentence complexity, and sentence similarity) that most strongly predicted scores on scales for loneliness and social support.Discussion: Linguistic data can provide unique insights into SI/L among older adults beyond scale-based assessments, though there are consistent gender differences. Future research studies that incorporate diverse linguistic features as well as other behavioral data-streams may be better able to capture the complexity of social functioning in older adults and identification of target subpopulations for future interventions. Given the novelty, use of NLP should include prospective consideration of bias, fairness, accountability, and related ethical and social implications.

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Anaphora and Semantic Innocence

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Pronominal anaphora, coreference, and closed quotation marks

Pronominal anaphora, coreference, and closed quotation marks

Data_Sheet_1.docx

Do Words Matter? Detecting Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults Using Natural Language Processing

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