Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Domestic Animals in Ten Provinces/Cities of China

Zhang, Lijuan; Liu, Hong; Xu, Bingying; Lu, Qunying; Liang, Li; Chang, Litao; Zhang, Xiuchun; Fan, Desheng; Li, Guohua; Jin, Yuming; Cui, Feng; Shi, Yuanli; Li, Weihong; Xu, Jianguo; Yu, Xue Jie

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0005

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, the sequences (EF211110) identified in a patient with a nosocomial infection in Anhui in 2006 and the sequences (EU982709) from a patient in Yiyuan county, Shandong province, in 2007, were classified into the group [5]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Residents in China Are at Increased Risk of Exposure to Tick-Borne PathogensAnaplasma phagocytophilumandEhrlichia chaffeensis

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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As emerging tick born rickettsial diseases caused by A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis have become a serious threat to human and animal health throughout the world. In particular, in China, an unusual transmission of nosocomial cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis occurred in Anhui Province in 2006 and more recent coinfection case of A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis was documented in Shandong Province. Although the seroprevalence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (former human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, HGE) has been documented in several studies, these data existed on local investigations, and also little data was reported on the seroprevalence of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) in China. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) proposed by WHO was used to detect A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis IgG antibodies for 7,322 serum samples from agrarian residents from 9 provinces/cities and 819 urban residents from 2 provinces. Our data showed that farmers were at substantially increased risk of exposure. However, even among urban residents, risk was considerable. Seroprevalence of HGA and HME occurred in diverse regions of the country and tended to be the highest in young adults. Many species of ticks were confirmed carrying A. phagocytophilum organisms in China while several kinds of domestic animals including dog, goats, sheep, cattle, horse, wild rabbit, and some small wild rodents were proposed to be the reservoir hosts of A. phagocytophilum. The broad distribution of vector and hosts of the A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis, especially the relationship between the generalized susceptibility of vectors and reservoirs and the severity of the disease's clinical manifestations and the genetic variation of Chinese HGA isolates in China, is urgently needed to be further investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Residents in China Are at Increased Risk of Exposure to Tick-Borne PathogensAnaplasma phagocytophilumandEhrlichia chaffeensis

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…Although the ticks in the present study were collected from cattle, this pathogen generally occurs in goats and sheep since cattle have innate resistance to it (Nakamura et al 1993). The pathogen A. phagocytophilum is rarely identified in R. microplus and is better known to be transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes (Ekner et al 2011;Zhang et al 2012a). This represents the first report of this pathogen on the island of Madagascar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The occurrence of pathogens in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from cattle in Madagascar

Matysiak¹,

Dudko²,

Dudek³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. In ticks collected from cattle the pathogens Babesia bovis, Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. can be detected. Here, we report the first detection of the pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Madagascar from ticks infesting cattle. Furthermore, we report for the first time Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia muris in both R. microplus and in Madagascar. We show no correlation between the detection of B. bovis, Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. DNA within the same tick. Previous reports have demonstrated strong interactions between A. marginale, A. centrale and A. ovis in the same tick, as well between these pathogens and A. phagocytophilum. A strong correlation also existed between the occurrences of Ehrlichia species within the same tick. Our findings suggest that R. microplus ticks are potential vectors and reservoirs of many tick-borne diseases of cattle.

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“…In 1990, A. phagocytophilum was identified as a possible cause of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in the United States (3). In Asia, A. phagocytophilum-infected ticks, domestic animals, and wild animals have been detected in China, Russia, Korea, and Japan (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, till date, there is no epidemiological evidence of A. phagocytophilum infection in Taiwan.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…The I. persulcatus tick, which plays an important role as a vector in northeastern China, far eastern Russia, and Japan (5,8,10), was not found in Taiwan. Another tick species, Haemaphysalis longicornis, showed a high A. phagocytophilum infection rate (more than 40z) in Shandong province, southeastern China (12). The H. longicornis tick inhabits Russia, Korea, China, and Japan (19) and may also inhabit Taiwan (20), suggesting that it may be a vector of A. phagocytophilum in these countries.…”

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Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis in Small Wild Mammals from Taichung and Kinmen Island, Taiwan

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY: A total of 138 animals from 7 species (Apodemus agrarius, Bandicota indica, Crocidura suaveolens, Mus caroli, Mus formosanus, Rattus losea, and Suncus murinus) captured in Taichung, located in central Taiwan, and Kinmen Island, an island off the shore of China, were examined for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The presence of the bacteria, which causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, was examined by nested PCR targeting the16S rDNA. Twelve animals (8.7z) from M. caroli and R. losea, and 25 (18.1z) from A. agrarius, B. indica, M. caroli, and R. losea were infected with A. phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that partial 16S rDNA sequences in the 12 aforementioned animals showed higher similarity to the sequences related to A. phagocytophilum detected in wild rodents (Rattus and Niviventer) from southeast China. The sequences of the other 25 animals belonged to the A. bovis clade. We demonstrated that small wild mammals were infected with A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in Taichung and Kinmen Island, Taiwan.

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Domestic Animals in Ten Provinces/Cities of China

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Rural Residents in China Are at Increased Risk of Exposure to Tick-Borne PathogensAnaplasma phagocytophilumandEhrlichia chaffeensis

Rural Residents in China Are at Increased Risk of Exposure to Tick-Borne PathogensAnaplasma phagocytophilumandEhrlichia chaffeensis

The occurrence of pathogens in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from cattle in Madagascar

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis in Small Wild Mammals from Taichung and Kinmen Island, Taiwan

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