Anaplasma species in China

Sun, Xi; Zhao, Li; Wen, Hong Ling; Luo, Li; Yu, Xue Jie

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00377-1

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Notably, extensive genetic variation was detected in msp2. Consistent with our results, sequence variation at the studied gene markers has been reported previously among isolates from ticks, sheep and goats [12,[15][16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Similarly, genetic variation is common in other Anaplasma species [40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our genetic profiling results indicated that the newly generated 16S rRNA gene sequences shared a homology of > 99.5% with sequences of A. capra strains from humans, sheep, goats, cattle and ticks [12,15,16,18,20,22], suggesting that they likely are within the same species of bacteria [38,39]. Clustering of sequences named A. centrale from deer (Cervus nippon nippon) (GenBank: AB211164) and cattle (GenBank: AF283007) in Japan and from ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis) in Korea (Gen-Bank: GU064903), as well as Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The provisional name Anaplasma capra was assigned after its initial characterization in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) in China [12]. Later, it was isolated from sheep, goats and cattle in different geographical regions [15][16][17][18][19] as well as from various tick species (Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, H. longicornis, Ixodes persulcatus) [12,[20][21][22][23]. Infection of A. capra was also reported in six wild animals in China including three takins (Budorcas taxicolor), two Reeves's muntjacs (Muntiacus reevesi) and one forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel variants of the newly emerged Anaplasma capra from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in South Korea

et al. 2019

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Background: Anaplasma spp. are tick-borne Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria that infect humans and a wide range of animals. Anaplasma capra has emerged as a human pathogen; however, little is known about the occurrence and genetic identity of this agent in wildlife. The present study aimed to determine the infection rate and genetic profile of this pathogen in wild animals in the Republic of Korea. Methods: A total of 253 blood samples [198 from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus), 53 from raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and one sample each from a leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) and a roe deer (Capreolus pygargus)] were collected at Chungbuk Wildlife Center during the period 2015-2018. Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples and screened for presence of Anaplasma species by PCR/sequence analysis of 429 bp of the 16S rRNA gene marker. Anaplasma capra-positive isolates were genetically profiled by amplification of a longer fragment of 16S rRNA (rrs) as well as partial sequences of citrate synthase (gltA), heat-shock protein (groEL), major surface protein 2 (msp2) and major surface protein 4 (msp4). Generated sequences of each gene marker were aligned with homologous sequences in the database and phylogenetically analyzed. Results: Anaplasma capra was detected in blood samples derived from Korean water deer, whereas samples from other animal species were negative. The overall infection rate in tested samples was 13.8% (35/253) and in the water deer the rate was 17.8% (35/198), distributed along the study period from 2015 to 2018. Genetic profiling and a phylogenetic analysis based on analyzed gene markers revealed the occurrence of two distinct strains, clustered in a single clade with counterpart sequences of A. capra in the database. Conclusions: Anaplasma capra infection were detected in Korean water deer in the Republic of Korea, providing insight into the role of wildlife as a potential reservoir for animal and human anaplasmosis. However, further work is needed in order to evaluate the role of Korean water deer as a host/reservoir host of A. capra.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel variants of the newly emerged Anaplasma capra from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in South Korea

et al. 2019

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“…Anaplasma capra was initially found in asymptomatic goats, and case of human infection were confirmed in 2015 in Heilongjiang province, northern China [5]. The agent was also detected in Ixodes persulcatus in Heilongjiang province and Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in Shandong Province [22]. The illness caused by A. capra are different from A. phagocytophilum infection [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular survey and characterization of a novel Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma capra in ticks, northwestern China

et al. 2016

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Background Anaplasma spp. are tick-transmitted bacteria that infect a wide variety of wild and domestic animals. These pathogens exhibit a high degree of biological diversity, broad geographical distribution, and represent a serious threat to veterinary and public health worldwide.ResultsA novel Anaplasma species was identified in Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (Ixodidae) in northwestern China and was molecularly characterized by comparison of 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL gene sequences. Of the 414 samples tested, 24 (5.8%) were positive for this Anaplasma species. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene, this organism has been found to be closely related to and exhibit the highest sequence similarity with A. capra (99.8–99.9%) that was identified in goats and humans in northern China, but was distinct from other known Anaplasma species. Sequence analysis of the gltA and groEL genes revealed that this Anaplasma species was distinct from A. capra considering the lower sequence identity (88.6–88.7% for gltA and 90.6–91.0% for groEL) and a divergent phylogenetic position. Therefore, we described this Anaplasma species as A. capra-like bacteria.ConclusionsThe present study reports a potential novel Anaplasma species closely related to A. capra in H. qinghaiensis in northwestern China. The zoonotic potential of A. capra-like bacteria needs to be further determined.

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“…Anaplasma capra has been identified in I. persulcatus and H. longicornis ticks in China [4, 16]. However, pathogen detection in arthropods is not sufficient to validate its vector competence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel zoonotic Anaplasma species is prevalent in small ruminants: potential public health implications

et al. 2017

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BackgroundTick-borne diseases currently represent an important issue for global health. A number of emerging tick-transmitted microbes continue to be discovered, and some of these are already identified as the cause of human infections. Over the past two decades, Anaplasma phagocytophilum is considered to be mainly responsible for human anaplasmosis. However, a novel zoonotic pathogen provisionally named “Anaplasma capra” has recently been identified in China. In this study, we did an active surveillance of A. capra in goats and sheep in different geographical regions of China.MethodsThe presence of A. capra was determined by nested PCR in 547 blood samples collected from goats and sheep from 24 counties distributed in 12 provinces in China. The molecular characterization of A. capra isolates in sheep and goats was achieved based on four conventional genetic markers (16S rRNA, gltA, groEL and msp4 genes).Results Anaplasma capra was identified in 75 of 547 animals, with an overall prevalence of 13.7%. The infection rates in the survey sites ranged from 0 to 78.6%, and were significantly different (P < 0.01). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates obtained from goats, sheep, Ixodes persulcatus ticks and humans create a separate clade within the genus Anaplasma and distinct from other recognized Anaplasma species. These findings indicated that these A. capra isolates possess the same molecular characteristics, suggesting that this organism could be a substantial health threat to both animals and humans.Conclusions Anaplasma capra is an emerging tick-transmitted zoonotic pathogen. This novel Anaplasna species is widespread across China with an overall prevalence of 13.7% in goats and sheep with isolates indistinguishable from those found in humans. These findings warrant increased public health awareness for human anaplasmosis.

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Anaplasma species in China

Abstract: Global feasibility assessment of interrupting the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths: a statistical modelling study.

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Novel variants of the newly emerged Anaplasma capra from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in South Korea

Novel variants of the newly emerged Anaplasma capra from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in South Korea

Molecular survey and characterization of a novel Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma capra in ticks, northwestern China

A novel zoonotic Anaplasma species is prevalent in small ruminants: potential public health implications

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