Anaplastic Ependymoma With Holocordal and Intracranial Meningeal Carcinomatosis and Holospinal Bone Metastases

Abstract

To our knowledge, there are no previous descriptions of ependymomas with this extensive leptomeningeal, spinal, intracranial, and extraneural dissemination at clinical onset. Bone metastases in spinal ependymoma have not been previously reported.

Intradural Extramedullary Ependymoma at Lumbar (L1-L4 Level) Spine: A Suspicious Case and Literature Review

“…Spinal cord tumors tumors account for 15% of all CNS tumors.1, 2 Most prevalent location of such tumors is found to be intradural intramedullary though cases of intradural extramedullary ependymoam have also been reported in literature along with this case [3] Intradural extramedullary ependymomas are more prevalent among females and in 5th decade of life.6 Hormonal factor had been indicted as the major reason for female predominance by Duffau et al in their review paper; however, its definite involvement is not well appreciated by other studies [8]. Contrary to most of the previous case reports, our patient was male with age range almost similar to that reported by Iunes et al; 24-69 years and 23-87 years in our review of literature (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013), respectively [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

An integrative analysis of treatment, outcomes and prognostic factors for primary spinal anaplastic ependymomas

“…Apart from serving as adjuvant treatment after surgery [2], chemotherapy has more commonly been used as a salvage therapy in patients who have suffered recurrence or are unable to undergo surgery or radiotherapy [3,12,16,17,20]. In our study, chemotherapy was not associated with OS (p = 0.94) in the univariate analysis.…”

“…Intradural extramedullary ependymomas have rarely been described. However, these patients constituted 45% of our study population, which may be due to the fact that extramedullary patients are more frequently reported in the literature [4,18,20,22]. In our study, PSAE with extramedullary components showed a trend toward worse PFS (p = 0.089) compared with the intramedullary PSAE counterparts in the univariate analysis.…”

“…In our study, PSAE with extramedullary components showed a trend toward worse PFS (p = 0.089) compared with the intramedullary PSAE counterparts in the univariate analysis. This result may be attributed to a lower GTR rate in the extramedullary group because patients presenting with holocord lesions [20,21] or those who were reported during the early period [6,8] did not undergo complete resection. After adjusting for other confounding variables including surgical extent, this association remained insignificant.…”

“…The goal of our study was to perform an integrative analysis of the individual patient data, therefore, aggregated data sets, in which individual patient data was grouped, were not included in the analysis. Finally, we identified 23 articles with a total of 40 patients who met our criteria [2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The number of patients included from each study varied from one to 14 …”