Anaplastic large cell lymphoma involving the urinary bladder: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

T cell-derived malignant lymphoma is rarely detected as a bladder neoplasm. A literature review for anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) involving urinary bladder reveals only seven previously reported cases. Here, we report a case of a 59-year-old HIV-negative man with ALK-positive ALCL. He presented an unusual clinical course with initial consideration of adult onset Still's Disease (AOSD) due to his negative results searching for malignancy and infectious diseases. He rapidly developed macrophage activation (hemophagocytic) syndrome and experienced an unusual rapid disease progression and died in 39 days after onset of symptoms. Compared to previously reported cases, the current case of ALK-1-positive ALCL is a rare case with an unusual presentation. From this case, we learned that ALCL is one malignancy that should be considered and screened in patients with suspected AOSD. Also, T-cell lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome should be considered in a patient with sustained corticosteroid-resistant spike fever, high serum ferritin, and rapid exacerbation of the disease course.

"The Diagnostic Difficulties and The Delayed Identification of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in A Teenage Patient. A Review of Literature"

“…It may often result from both a late diagnosis as well as a rather rapid developmental rate of disseminated neoplastic cells. In literature, such cases take a few months from the first signs of disease (Table 1) [10][11][12][13][14][15]. In our case, that period lasted three months.…”

ALK‐negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma with urinary bladder involvement diagnosed in urine cytology: A case report and literature review

“…Regarding the two ALCL with diagnostic findings on urine cytology one was ALK‐positive and the other ALK‐negative (Table ) . Both patients had not received treatment for their disease.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the 13th documented case of systemic ALCL involving the urinary bladder, but only the second of ALK‐negative type. Simultaneously, it is the third documented case with bladder involvement diagnosed in urine cytology and, importantly, the very first in which material was provided for immunophenotyping …”

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with involvement of the urinary bladder: a case report and review of literature

“…The differential diagnosis for this malignant process is broad, including embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated or sarcomatoid carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, other lymphomas (such as DLBCL and Hodgkin lymphoma), metastatic amelanotic melanoma, and even inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. 15 Therefore, it is necessary to use IHC staining to distinguish ALCL from aforementioned tumors. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor may express ALK, but are negative for CD30 and EMA.…”