This chapter aims at providing a brief overview of the prominent conceptualisations of altruism, a construct widely debated from various theoretical perspectives, ranging from evolutionary biology to social psychology, philosophy and -more recentlypositive psychology, but still controversial in its defi nition and role in human affairs. Moving from the current scientifi c debate, as well as delving into Western and Eastern philosophical and spiritual traditions, we attempt to build an integrated approach to the study of altruism based on the view of a substantial interconnectedness among individuals, rather than on the juxtaposition between altruism and selfi shness. Within this model, altruism is defi ned as a general mind-set, characterised by a concern for others' welfare that implies a readiness to engage in other-oriented behaviours, bringing welfare to the agent as well. Altruism's behavioural outcomes, benefi ts and dangers, as well as the challenges people and communities face in cultivating and promoting an altruistic mind-set are briefl y outlined.
Conceptualising Altruism: The State of the ArtWhat is altruism? This apparently simple question does not seem to have an indisputable answer. Altruism remains an elusive concept, even though it has been extensively explored within human sciences, such as philosophy, religion and ethics