Anatomia foliar de duas espécies da família Asteraceae usadas para fins medicinais no Sul da Bahia

Do Foliage Leaves and Bracts Have Usefulness in the Separation of Stenocephalum (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) Species?

“…Among the structural features found in the leaves of Stenocephalum, anomocytic stomata, presence of non-glandular and glandular trichomes, dorsiventral mesophyll, presence of secretory ducts and veins with parenchymatous bundle sheath are common characters in the Asteraceae family (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1957;Rehem et al, 2019). The condition of the midrib in Stenocephalum deserves some interest, because the number of vascular bundles undergoes variation among the species and within same species.…”

Effect of the Proximity to the Quintero-Puchuncaví Industrial Zone on Compounds Isolated from Baccharis macraei Hook. & Arn: Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity

“…1H, H-2 ′ and H-6 ′ ); 6.92 (d, J = 8.00, 1H, H-3 ′ and H-5 ′ ); 6.60 (s, 1H, H-3); 6.57 (s, 1H, H-8); 3.9 (s, 1H, OH); 3.88 (s, 3H, OCH 3 ); 3.75 (s, 1H, OH). Regarding the 13 Mixture of Hispidulin (6) and Isokaempferide (8): Fraction 12 of Far Zone turned out to be a yellow powder that represents a mixture of two flavonoids. This mixture was dissolved in deuterated methanol for testing by 1 H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) and 13 C NMR (100.1 MHz, MeOD) spectroscopy to determine its structure.…”

“…Regarding the NMR spectrum of the five isolated compounds, which were Fraction 14 (Hispidulin ( 6)), Fraction 13 (mixture of Hispidulin (6) and Cirsimaritin ( 7)), Fraction 12 (mixture of Hispidulin (6) and Isokaempferide ( 8)), Fraction 9 (Hispidulin ( 6)), and Fraction 4 (Hautriwaic acid ( 9)), the first three were identified in the Far Zone, while the next two compounds were identified in the Near Zone extract, highlighting the presence of Hispidulin in both areas, which is a compound for the genus [36].…”

“…Mixture of Hispidulin (6) and Cirsimaritine (7): The presence of two compounds in fraction 13 of the ethyl acetate extract from B. macraei in the Far Zone was determined from 1 H NMR, where the characteristic peaks of the aromatic B ring of a flavonoid (δ H 7.91 and 6.94 for the compound cirsimaritine and δ H 7.87 and 694 for hispidulin) can be seen. It also shows the presence of three methoxyl groups, one for hispidulin [37] and two for cirsimaritine, which are found at δ H 3.88, 3.99, and 3.84, respectively.…”

“…Related to the Far Zone, given the positive correlation observed between FRAP and TRAP antioxidant activity and copper content in the rhizosphere and ETR in situ, it could be inferred that these variables would be increasing the antioxidant activity of the species under study. The degree of copper stress in the rhizosphere would increase ETR in situ, and all of this would be conducive to enhancing its antioxidant activity, potentially even Mixture of Hispidulin (6) and Isokaempferide (8): In fraction 12 of the B. macraei Far Zone ethyl acetate extract, two known compounds were observed, which were identified from 1 H NMR, where the characteristic peaks of the aromatic B ring of a flavonoid were determined (δH 7.99 and 6.94 for the compound isokaempferide and δ H 7.87 and 694 for hispidulin). It also shows the presence of two methoxyl groups, one for hispidulin [37] and two for isokaempferide [39], which are located at δ H 3.88 and 3.78, respectively.…”