Anatomic and functional properties of bulboglandularis striated muscle support its contribution as sphincter in female rabbit micturition

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Most of the sacral spinal nerves of rabbit are mixed, carrying sensory, and motor information. Sacral nerves innervate the hind limbs, pelvic viscera, clitoris, perineal muscles, inguinal and anal glands and perineal, perigenital, and rump skin. The detailed description of the sacral nerves organization, topography, and axonal components further the knowledge of the innervation in pelvic and perinal structures of the female rabbit. This information will be useful in future studies about the physiology and physiopathology of urinary, fecal, reproductive, and sexual functions.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical organization and somatic axonal components of the lumbosacral nerves in female rabbits

Cruz

Hernández-Plata

Lucio

et al. 2017

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“…An inapposite reflex activation of pelvic floor muscles, for instance the puborectalis, bulboglandularis, and Pcm, assisting in the storage phase of micturition in female rabbits, 10,22,23 could also affect bladder and urethral pressures. 11 The Pcm assists in the storage phase of micturition, while the Bsm participates in the voiding phase in female rabbits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism impairs somatovisceral reflexes involved in micturition of female rabbits

Sánchez-García

López-Juárez

Rodríguez-Castelán

et al. 2018

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“…In female rats, a similar spinal circuitry responsible for the function of EUS is located caudally to L1 25 . In female rabbit, the bladder and urethral control is located at sacral level, which would be more similar to that in cats and humans in comparison to other species 28‐30 . Indeed, the L6‐S2 VRA damaged have a greater impact more in the Ism than Bsm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbosacral ventral root avulsion alters reflex activation of bladder, urethra, and perineal muscles during micturition in female rabbits

Corona-Quintanilla

Acosta‐Ortega

Flores‐Lozada

et al. 2020

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Aim To determine the effect of the lumbosacral ventral root avulsion (VRA) on the reflex activation of bladder, urethra, and activation of perineal muscles during micturition in female rabbits. Methods We allocated 14 virgin female rabbits to evaluate, first, the gross anatomy of lumbosacral spinal cord root (n = 5) and, second, to determine the effect of VRA on perineal muscles during micturition (n = 9). We recorded cystometrograms, urethral pressure, and electromyograms of the bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and ischiocavernosus (Ism) muscles before and after the L6‐S2 VRA. Standard variables were measured from each recording and analyzed to identify significant differences (P < .05). Results We found that the L6‐S2 VRA affected directly the bladder and urethral function and reduced the duration and the frequency of the bursting of Ism and Bsm muscles during voiding. The Ism and Bsm showed a phasic activation, of different frequencies, during the voiding phase and the L6‐S2 VRA inhibited the co‐contraction of the Ism and Bsm‐bladder‐urethra. Conclusions The Ism and Bsm are activated at different frequencies to trigger the voiding phase. The L6‐S2 VRA affected the activity pattern of both perineal muscles. These modifications affected the bladder and urethra function. It is possible that the restoration of the activation frequency of perineal muscles contributed for an efficient bladder contraction.