Anatomic, Metabolic, Neuropsychological, and Molecular Genetic Studies of Three Pairs of Identical Twins Discordant for Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

Kumar, Anand; Schapiro, Mark B.; Grady, Cheryl L.; Matocha, Martha; Haxby, James V.; Moore, Alice E.; Luxenberg, Jay S.; George-Hyslop, P. H. St.; Robinette, C. D.; Ball, Melvyn J.; Rapoport, Stanley I.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1991.00530140052017

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, the results of these studies have been based on few twin pairs. In the study of Kumar et al [23], employing 3 twin pairs, the demented twins showed marked abnormality in PET, CT and neuropsychological tests, while the healthy co-twins had normal results in all the above-mentioned examinations. Luxenberg et al [22] studied 1 monozygotic twin pair in which PET, MRI and CT were abnormal in the demented twin and normal in the healthy co-twin, and in neuropsychological tests, the demented twin demonstrated marked deficits in all areas of cognition, while the healthy twin showed milder impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previously, only a few PET studies have been performed with monozygotic twins discordant for AD [22][23][24], and these studies have been case reports of a single twin pair, or at most 3 twin pairs. Our aim was to investigate whether impaired cerebral glucose metabolism can already be detected in the non-demented monozygotic cotwins of the demented twins using PET and 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Alzheimer’s Disease

Järvenpää

Räihä

Kaprio

et al. 2003

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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We investigated regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates (rCMRgluc) with positron emission tomography using 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in 7 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ten healthy volunteers with comparable mean age and educational level served as controls. In the hippocampus, the mean ± SD rCMRgluc were 0.20 ± 0.03 µmol/ml/min for the demented twins, 0.21 ± 0.03 µmol/ml/min for their non-demented co-twins, and 0.23 ± 0.02 µmol/ml/min for the controls. The mean hippocampal rCMRgluc was reduced in the demented twins (p = 0.006), compared with the controls. In the lateral temporal cortex, the mean ± SD rCMRgluc were 0.27 ± 0.05, 0.28 ± 0.04, and 0.32 ± 0.02 µmol/ml/min, respectively. These mean rates were reduced both in the demented (p = 0.02) and the non-demented (p = 0.01) twins, compared with the controls. In conclusion, in the demented twins, the reduction of rCMRgluc was detected in the hippocampus and lateral temporal cortex, i.e. the 2 brain areas which show early changes in pathological and imaging studies in AD. Their non-demented co-twins showed milder reductions, which may be an indication of genetic susceptibility for dementia, and an early sign of a dementing illness in them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Alzheimer’s Disease

Järvenpää

Räihä

Kaprio

et al. 2003

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Previous FDG studies on 1-3 discordant MZ twin pairs have shown controversial results. Two studies found no metabolic changes in the cognitively intact twins [14,15] , whereas 1 study reported already detectable changes in the metabolism of the intact twin [16] . However, in the study showing changes, also the healthy twin demonstrated cognitive deficits in neuropsychological tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Dizygotic Twin Pairs Discordant for Alzheimer’s Disease

Virta

Karrasch

Kaprio

et al. 2007

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2[¹⁸F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) can be used to estimate regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRgluc). FDG-PET studies have shown rCMRgluc to be reduced especially in temporal and parietal cortices in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A previous study on monozygotic twins discordant for AD showed that the rCMRgluc of the non-demented twins is reduced significantly in the lateral temporal and parietal cortices compared to unrelated controls. In this study we examined 9 pairs of dizygotic twins discordant for AD with FDG-PET. The rCMRgluc of the demented twins was 16% lower in the prefrontal cortex (p = 0.04), 20% lower in the hippocampus (p = 0.002) and 15% lower in the lateral temporal cortex (p = 0.003) compared to controls. The non-demented twins showed no such reductions on any cortical region compared to unrelated control subjects. This implies that both genes and environment, and not genes alone, are causative in the pathogenesis of AD.

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“…As AD progresses, such asymmetrical reduction disappears and frontal involvement become evident (Jagust et al, 1988;Kumar et al, 1991). Other studies disclosed that the cerebellum and large regions of the association cortex are affected in contrast to the relative preservation of the basal ganglia, and motor and sensory cortices in the advanced stage of AD (Herholz et al, 1990;Ishii et al, 1997).…”

Section: Distinctive Abnormal Pattern and Possible Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders

Miyazawa¹,

Shinohara²

2012

Positron Emission Tomography - Current Clinical and Research Aspects

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Anatomic, Metabolic, Neuropsychological, and Molecular Genetic Studies of Three Pairs of Identical Twins Discordant for Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Alzheimer’s Disease

Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Alzheimer’s Disease

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Dizygotic Twin Pairs Discordant for Alzheimer’s Disease

[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders

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