Anatomic Variability of the Human Orbit

Tandon, Rahul; Aljadeff, Lior; Sheng, Jing; Finn, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2019.11.032

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results of orbital floor reconstructions were obtained by calculating the volume ratio between the injured and the contralateral orbit before and after surgery. In this study, orbital volume was measured in a smaller number of patients (59) and a longer follow-up period of 6 months.…”

Section: Approved Galley Proof Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young et al showed a mean persistent enophthalmos of 2.1 mm as clinically irrelevant. Most non-surgically treated patients at the 12-month follow-up had no aesthetically unattractive enophthalmos [ 58 , 59 ]. Nevertheless, enophthalmos could be persistent even after successful surgery [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it has been demonstrated that intra-individual volume differences are quite small, and mirroring technique of uninjured orbit is a suitable for fracture volume estimation [57,58]. In a healthy population, there are also examples in which intra-individual volume differences might be greater than 1.5 cm 3 [57][58][59]. Thus, a simple measurement of volume difference by mirroring the contralateral orbit might not always correctly predict postoperative ocular symptoms and the need for surgical treatment.…”

Section: Approved Galley Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Fractured and Non-Fractured Orbit Before and After Surgery Using a Titanium Implant or a Resorbable Poly-d,l-lactic Acid (PDLLA) Implant: A Study from a Single Center in Niš, Serbia of 58 Patients with Unilateral Orbital Floor Fracture Using Volumetric Measurement

et al. 2023

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Background:A fracture of the orbital floor can lead to complications such as enophthalmos, impaired eye motility, or diplopia, which is why it is necessary to reconstruct the bony walls of the orbit. This study from a single center in Niš, Serbia, included 58 patients with unilateral orbital floor fracture and aimed to use volumetric measurement to compare the fractured and non-fractured orbit before and after surgery using a titanium implant or a resorbable poly-d, l-lactic acid (PDLLA) implant. Material/Methods:From 2018 to 2022, a total of 58 patients with unilateral orbital floor fractures were treated at the Clinic of Dental Medicine, Niš. Computed tomography examination was used for volumetric measurement of the fractured and non-fractured (contralateral) orbit before and after the surgical procedure. A titanium implant was used in 31 patients, and a PDLLA implant was used in 27 patients. Results:Orbital volume ratio did not differ statistically significantly in relation to the type of implant (P=0.591). The postoperative volume did not differ statistically significantly from the volume of the contralateral side (titanium, P=0.212; PDLLA, P=0.232). There was a significant correlation between orbital volume and enophthalmos both before and after surgery (P=0.012, P=0.018, respectively). Conclusions:Measuring the preoperative volume of the injured orbit is sufficient data for an indication because reconstruction depends primarily on the correlation between the volume and enophthalmos. The findings from this study showed that preoperative orbital volumetry using computed tomography evaluated enophthalmos and provide data to assist orbital floor reconstruction.

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Section: Approved Galley Proof Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approved Galley Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Fractured and Non-Fractured Orbit Before and After Surgery Using a Titanium Implant or a Resorbable Poly-d,l-lactic Acid (PDLLA) Implant: A Study from a Single Center in Niš, Serbia of 58 Patients with Unilateral Orbital Floor Fracture Using Volumetric Measurement

et al. 2023

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“…Other studies have shown a trend toward small differences in volume between the right and left orbits. Examples include the study by Lieger et al, with a mean difference of 600 ± 500 mL between the volumes (p = 0.039), and the study by Tandon et al, where a mean difference of 0.8 mL was calculated which, however, is not significant (p = 0.283) [16,22].…”

Section: Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Orbital Symmetry: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study of 372 Computed Tomography Scans

Sigron,

Britschgi,

Gahl

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: The operation planning and production of individualized implants with the help of AI-based software after orbital fractures have become increasingly important in recent years. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the healthy orbitae of 372 patients from CT images in the bone and soft tissue windows using the Disior™ Bonelogic™ CMF Orbital software. (version 2.1.28). Methods: We analyzed the variables orbital volume, length, and area as a function of age and gender and compared bone and soft tissue windows. Results: For all variables, the intraclass correlation showed excellent agreement between the bone and soft tissue windows (p < 0.001). All variables showed higher values when calculated based on bone fenestration with, on average, 1 mL more volume, 0.35 mm more length, and 0.71 cm2 more area (p < 0.001). Across all age groups, men displayed higher values than women with, on average, 8.1 mL larger volume, a 4.78 mm longer orbit, and an 8.5 cm2 larger orbital area (p < 0.001). There was also a non-significant trend in all variables and both sexes toward growth with increasing age. Conclusions: These results mean that, due to the symmetry of the orbits in both the bone and soft tissue windows, the healthy orbit can be mirrored for surgical planning in the event of a fracture.

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the mirroring technique (including in automated mode) in orbital reconstruction involving the application of patientspecific implants [19,20]. However, slight differences in volume between the right and left orbit were documented in a study of human skulls [21]. The difference between left and right orbit volume was on average 0.8 mL, with volumes of 26.7 mL for the left and 27.5 mL for the right.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated 3-D Computer-Aided Measurement of the Bony Orbit: Evaluation of Correlations among Volume, Depth, and Surface Area

Kontio,

Wilkman,

Mesimäki

et al. 2024

JPM

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(1)The study aimed to measure the depth, volume, and surface area of the intact human orbit by applying an automated method of CT segmentation and to evaluate correlations among depth, volume, and surface area. Additionally, the relative increases in volume and surface area in proportion to the diagonal of the orbit were assessed. (2) CT data from 174 patients were analyzed. A ball-shaped mesh consisting of tetrahedral elements was inserted inside orbits until it encountered the bony boundaries. Orbital volume, area depth, and their correlations were measured. For the validation, an ICC was used. (3) The differences between genders were significant (p < 10−7) but there were no differences between sides. When comparing orbit from larger to smaller, a paired sample t-test indicated a significant difference in groups (p < 10−10). A simple linear model (Volume~1 + Gender + Depth + Gender:Depth) revealed that only depth had a significant effect on volume (p < 10−19). The ICCs were 1.0. (4) Orbital volume, depth, and surface area measurements based on an automated CT segmentation algorithm demonstrated high repeatability and reliability. Male orbits were always larger on average by 14%. There were no differences between the sides. The volume and surface area ratio did not differ between genders and was approximately 0.75.

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Anatomic Variability of the Human Orbit

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Comparison of the Fractured and Non-Fractured Orbit Before and After Surgery Using a Titanium Implant or a Resorbable Poly-d,l-lactic Acid (PDLLA) Implant: A Study from a Single Center in Niš, Serbia of 58 Patients with Unilateral Orbital Floor Fracture Using Volumetric Measurement

Comparison of the Fractured and Non-Fractured Orbit Before and After Surgery Using a Titanium Implant or a Resorbable Poly-d,l-lactic Acid (PDLLA) Implant: A Study from a Single Center in Niš, Serbia of 58 Patients with Unilateral Orbital Floor Fracture Using Volumetric Measurement

Insights into Orbital Symmetry: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study of 372 Computed Tomography Scans

Automated 3-D Computer-Aided Measurement of the Bony Orbit: Evaluation of Correlations among Volume, Depth, and Surface Area

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