Anatomical and chemical analyses on wooden artifacts from a Samnite sanctuary in Hirpinia (Southern Italy)

Capano, Manuela; Pignatelli, Olivia; Capretti, Chiara; Lazzeri, S.; Pizzo, Benedetto; Marzaioli, Fabio; Martinelli, Nicoletta; Gennarelli, Ida; Gigli, Stefania Quilici; Terrasi, F.; Macchioni, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2015.03.002

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The deposition of inorganic elements in the wood structures during the service life and storage periods might be an additional reason. These findings are almost in agreement with the previous studies on the chemical compositions of archaeological oak and elm wood samples [43][44][45][46]. Values labelled with the small letters show the statistical differences between recently cut and archaeological specimens (ANOVA, Fisher's LSD test, p < 0.05).…”

Section: Chemical Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (Ulmus laevis P.) and Poplar (Populus spp.)

et al. 2021

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The degradation states of archaeological white elm, with an age estimation of ~350 years, and poplar, with an age approximation of ~1000–1200 years, were studied by means of different chemical and microscopy analyses. Recently cut samples from the respective species were used for comparison reasons. The chemical composition analysis of the archaeological samples showed significantly low holocellulose values, while the lignin, extractive, and ash contents were considerably high, as compared with the recently cut samples. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the changes in the chemical structure of the archaeological elm and poplar samples. The light and scanning electron microscopies illustrated that the erosion bacteria were the main degrading agent in both archaeological elm and poplar, although the hyphae of rot fungi were detected inside the vessel elements of the archaeological poplar sample.

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Section: Chemical Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (Ulmus laevis P.) and Poplar (Populus spp.)

et al. 2021

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“…e pH values in the aged wood samples ranged from 4.94 to 3.64, which is significantly lower than that of the sound sample (5.34). e apparent increase in the acidity of the aged wood samples is consistent with that observed by Capano et al who studied wooden artefacts discovered in the Samnite Sanctuary [30]. In this case, the higher acidity in the aged wood samples can be attributed to inorganic substances.…”

Section: Mechanical Damage To Aged Woodsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of Salt-Induced Damage to Aged Wood of Historical Wooden Buildings

Wang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Salt is a common cause of damage to building materials used in cultural and historical buildings. The damage to aged wood in historical wooden buildings has not been extensively studied, resulting in the need for a more detailed analysis. In this work, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, a typical historical wooden structure, was taken as the research object. Multichemical analyses were conducted to evaluate and understand the salt-induced damage to the aged wood using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, sulphur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and attenuated total reflectance fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results showed the presence of invasive salt crystallisations and ions in the aged samples. The source of these invasive elements was deduced by identifying the type, amount, and valency of the elements; they were found to be derived from environmental factors such as acid rain and atmospheric pollutant. The unique damage mechanism and route induced by salt in historical buildings made of wood were summarised; the damage was attributed to the accumulation of sulphate salt causing hydrolysis of the carbohydrates and salt crystallisation resulting in mechanical damage. This interdisciplinary study is significant for decision making in studies related to the preservation and evaluation of historical wooden buildings.

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“…Gas concentrations in the air vary significantly due to the markedly uneven terrain of the Mefite. The copious gas emissions generate a relentless flow that descends through the Bagni valley, which can be lethal to humans and animals as chronicled historically (Brocchi, 1820 ; Capano et al, 2015 ; Chiodini, 2014 ; Di Capua, 1683 ; Gambino, 1991 ; Macchia, 1838 ; Maiuri, 1953 ; Santoli, 1783 ), and evidenced by animal carcasses observed during various field inspections for the authors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Profiling microbial communities in an extremely acidic environment influenced by a cold natural carbon dioxide spring: A study of the Mefite in Ansanto Valley, Southern Italy

De Castro,

Avino,

Carraturo

et al. 2024

Environ Microbiol Rep

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The Ansanto Valley's Mefite, one of the Earth's largest non‐volcanic CO2 gas emissions, is distinguished by its cold natural carbon dioxide springs. These emissions originate from the intricate tectonics and geodynamics of the southern Apennines in Italy. Known for over two millennia for its lethal concentration of CO2 and other harmful gases, the Mefite has a reputation for being toxic and dangerous. Despite its historical significance and unique geological features, there is a lack of information on the microbial diversity associated with the Mefite's gas emissions. This study presents an integrated exploration of the microbial diversity in the mud soil, using high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA (Prokaryotes) and ITS2 (Fungi), alongside a geochemical site characterisation. Our findings reveal that the Mefite's unique environment imposes a significant bottleneck on microbial diversity, favouring a select few microbial groups such as Actinobacteria and Firmicutes for Prokaryotes, and Basidiomycota for Fungi.

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Anatomical and chemical analyses on wooden artifacts from a Samnite sanctuary in Hirpinia (Southern Italy)

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (Ulmus laevis P.) and Poplar (Populus spp.)

Microstructural and Chemical Characteristics of Archaeological White Elm (Ulmus laevis P.) and Poplar (Populus spp.)

Evaluation of Salt-Induced Damage to Aged Wood of Historical Wooden Buildings

Profiling microbial communities in an extremely acidic environment influenced by a cold natural carbon dioxide spring: A study of the Mefite in Ansanto Valley, Southern Italy

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