Anatomical and functional assessment of patency of the upper respiratory tract in selected respiratory disorders – part 2

Abstract

This article presents selected physical diagnostic methods used in otorhinolaryngology and results of their application. In addition to the applications of methods using the capabilities of selective sensors, selected methods of hybrid diagnostics were also presented -for assessment of parameters of respiratory processes, with polysomnography as an example of using both typical diagnostic methods dedicated to otolaryngology, as well as standard EEG and ECG methods. It has been shown that in some special cases of respiratory disorders, measurements of the air flow in the respiratory tract can be supplemented with pressure measurements in selected positions within the airways. The presented optical methods and diagnostic systems are very often used in the diagnosis of diseases not specific for otolaryngology occurring in the area of the head and neck. The presented material is the second part of the study discussing both standard and widely used diagnostic methods. All presented methods are dedicated to otolaryngology. This text is a continuation of the material published in No 4 of 2021 [1].

Influence of the disturbance created in the measuring channel on the readings of the hot-wire anemometric sensor

“…The tests described in this article are used to assess the appropriateness of the sensors' placement during airflow tests in patients with respiratory disorders [21], [22]. This type of examination is used to support the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract pathologies in patients with respiratory disorders [24], [25].…”

“…The shape of the nostrils determines the profile of the air stream exhaled. The appropriate location of the measuring element in the sensor enables the measurement of human breathing parameters with sufficient accuracy [22], [24], [25].…”

Three methods for determining the respiratory waves from ECG (Part II)

“…The cardiovascular system is closely linked to the respiratory system [4,5]. Diagnostics of respiratory processes are very important for both the respiratory and cardiac systems [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Three methods for determining respiratory waves from ECG (Part I)

“…Measurement systems for recording and analyzing the respiratory signal are important in the proper diagnosis of respiratory diseases, especially in the detection of obstructive sleep apnea [17] and during electrocardiographic exercise testing [18,19]. The article series [20,21] describes selected physical and optical methods of respiratory diagnostics in otolaryngology. An interesting example is polysomnographic examination where, apart from respiratory activity, are recorded many other physiological signals 𝑖.𝑒.…”