Anatomical and histochemical characterization of in vitro haustorium from roots of Castilleja tenuiflora

Abstract

In vitro induction of haustoria from Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. was achieved by applying 25 µM catechin, 25 µM vanillin, or 25 µM H 2 O 2 . Of the treatments tested, 25 µM vanillin was the strongest inducer of haustoria in C. tenuiflora roots in vitro (up to 3 haustoria per root). Haustorium development occurred laterally and was observable 14 d after inducer application. It was characterized by elongation of the epidermal cells and division of the inner cortical cells which also possessed abundant nuclei. Histochemical analysis using 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester (DBPA) indicated that the formation of haustoria was associated with the accumulation of H 2 O 2 and flavonoids.

Haustorium Inducing Factors for Parasitic Orobanchaceae

“…Compounds with structures similar to DMBQ, such as phenolic acids (including syringic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid), aldehydes (including syringaldehyde), and flavonoids (including peonidin), were reported also to induce haustoria in Triphysaria versicolor , P. japonicum , and Striga hermonthica (Albrecht et al, 1999; Cui et al, 2018). Castilleja tenuiflora was reported to react with vanillic acid as well as catechin and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (Salcedo-Morales et al, 2013), although H 2 O 2 alone does not induce haustoria in S. hermonthica (Wada et al, 2019).…”

“…Gray boxes: not reported. Numbers indicate references: 1, Chang and Lynn (1986); 2, Albrecht et al (1999); 3, Bandaranayake et al (2010); 4, Bandaranayake et al (2012); 5, Cui et al (2016); 6, Ishida et al (2016); 7, Cui et al (2018); 8, Goyet et al (2017); 9, Salcedo-Morales et al (2013); 10, Lynn and Chang (1990); 11, Lynn et al (1981); 12, Steffens et al (1982); 13, Wada et al (2019); 14, Fernández-Aparicio et al (2016b); 15, Wrobel and Yoder (2001); 16, Keyes et al (2000).…”

Better alone? A demographic case study of the hemiparasite Castilleja tenuiflora (Orobanchaceae): A first approximation

“…Parasitism is found in about 1% of all seed plants, in 270–275 genera, and 60% of all parasitic plants are root parasites (Joel, Gressel, & Musselman, 2013; Thorne, 2002). Parasitic plants obtain nutrients from the vascular system of their hosts through structures known as haustoria (Lambers, Stuart Chapin III, & Pons, 1998; Salcedo‐Morales, Jiménez‐Aparicio, Cruz‐Sosa, & Trejo‐Tapia, 2014; Watkinson & Gibson, 1987). Parasitic plants can be holo or hemiparasites, with about 90% of the species belonging to the latter (Joel et al, 2013).…”

“…Parasitic plants can be holo or hemiparasites, with about 90% of the species belonging to the latter (Joel et al, 2013). Hemiparasites extract water and mineral salts from their hosts but, unlike the holoparasites, they are photosynthetically self‐sufficient (Douglas, 1973; Salcedo‐Morales et al, 2014; Watkinson & Gibson, 1987).…”

Formación de raíces e inducción de haustorios de Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. con catequina y peróxido de hidrógeno. Root formation and haustoria induction of Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. with catechin and hydrogen peroxide

“…Estas estructuras se asemejan a haustorios, órganos que desarrollan las especies hemiparásitas y cuya función es ser un puente de conexión entre la planta parásita y su hospedero, con el fin de obtener agua, nutrientes y diferentes tipos de metabolitos. Bajo condiciones in vitro se ha reportado la inducción de haustorios con compuestos químicos como vanillina, H 2 O 2 y catequina (Salcedo-Morales et al, 2014), o 2,6-dimetil-p-benzoquinona y antocianinas (Albrecht et al, 1999). Estos compuestos son del tipo de los que encuentran en la rizósfera, por lo que se conocen como exudados de raíz y son los responsables de la formación de haustorios de manera natural (Walker et al, 2003;Hassan et al, 2004).…”