Anatomical and histological study of the liver and pancreas of two closely related mountain newts Neurergus microspilotus and N. kaiseri (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Anatomical and histological examinations were conducted on the digestive glands of two closely related mountain newts, Neurergus microspilotus (Nesterov, 1916) and Neurergus kaiseri Schmidt, 1952. In N. microspilotus and N. kaiseri the major digestive glands comprise a very large liver and a small pancreas. In both species the liver has two distinct lobes, right and left. Histologically, the parenchyma of the liver of both species is contained within a thin capsule of fibroconnective tissue.Glycogen deposits and fat storage often dissolve during the routine histological process and produce considerable histological variability. Sinusoids are lined with endothelial cells forming a very thin epithelial sheet, with discontinuous basement membrane. Bile ducts also occur within the parenchyma of the liver. The ducts are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. The gall bladder is a storage depot for bile. Its mucosa is thrown into numerous folds. The epithelial lining of the tunica muscularis is arranged circularly. There is a lot of pigmentation in the hepatic parenchyma. The pancreas in N. microspilotus and N. kaiseri is roughly triangular in shape, and lies rather to the dorsal side of the duodenum, between it and the stomach. The exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of clusters of pyramidal cells, which are mostly organized in acini. In both species the cells have a dark basophilic cytoplasm, distinct basal nuclei, and many large eosinophilic zymogen granules containing enzymes responsible for the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, fats and nucleotides.

Genome size drives morphological evolution in organ-specific ways

“…Second, the hepatocytes lacked the 1-2 cell-thick, cord-like morphology, which resulted in numerous hepatocytes having no direct contact with circulating blood. Akiyoshi and Inoue (2012) and others described this same several-cell-thick plate morphology in salamanders (Akat and Göçmen, 2014;Akat and Arkan, 2017;Vaissi et al, 2017). Our results show that this morphology is a result of increased genome and cell size.…”

Liver description in three neotropical anuran species: from anatomy to ultrastructure

“…In others amphibians, such as salamanders, the liver is a single and central mass, from which three elongated lobes emerge (Francis, 1934). However, other variations have already been found in salamanders' livers, for example in the Neurergus microspilotus (Nesterov, 1916) and Neurergus kaiseri Schmidt, 1952, it can be observed two distinct lobes, right and left (Vaissi et al., 2017), whereas in Cynops orientalis David, 1873, there are five lobes (Xie et al., 2011).…”

Morfologia do pâncreas da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766)

“…Macroscopicamente, o pâncreas da paca é um órgão de aspecto macio, com coloração rosaclaro, diferindo-se do pâncreas dos animais domésticos, de coloração amarelada, assim como do pâncreas do ganso, cuja coloração mostra-se rosa-pálido (Beheiry et al, 2018). A distribuição de tal órgão se apresenta em ramificações difusas, diferentemente das descrições clássicas encontradas na literatura, como em suínos, em que é semelhante à letra "Y"; em carnívoros, em formato de "V"nos felinos, porém, em forma de "U" (König e Liebich, 2011); em aves, em formato de fita (Rodrigues et al, 2012), em N. microspilotus e N. kaiseri, em formato triangular (Vaissi et al, 2017).…”