Anatomical and physiological characteristics of individual neurones in the central antennal pathway of insects

Boeckh, Jürgen; Ernst, Klaus-Dieter; Sass, Hinrich; Waldow, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(84)90105-7

Cited by 111 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Building upon the work of others (36)(37)(38)(39) and paralleling current research in other laboratories on different insect species, we study the olfactory system of the experimentally favorable giant sphinx moth Manduca sexta. The brief review presented here focuses on the functional organization and physiology of a sexually dimorphic olfactory subsystem in this species [also reviewed elsewhere (19,23,(40)(41)(42)].…”

Section: Origins Of Olfactory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of chemical signals by nervous systems.

Hildebrand

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

103

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Intraspecific and interspecific communication and recognition depend on olfaction in widely diverse species of animals. Olfaction, an ancient sensory modality, is based on principles of neural organization and function that appear to be remarkably similar throughout the zoosphere.Thus, the "primitives" of olfactory stimuli that determine the input information of olfaction, the kinds of "molecular images" formed at various levels in the olfactory pathway, and the cellular mechanisms that underlie olfactory information processing are comparable in invertebrates and vertebrates alike. A case in point is the male-specific olfactory subsystem in moths, which is specialized to detect and analyze the qualitative, quantitative, and temporal features of the conspecific females' sex-pheromonal chemical signal. This olfactory subsystem can be viewed, and is here presented, as a model in which common principles of organization and function of olfactory systems in general are exaggerated to serve the requirements of a chemical communication system that is crucial for reproductive success.All creatures detect and react to chemicals in the external environment. In metazoans possessing a differentiated nervous system, an important function of that system is to detect, analyze, integrate, and generate responses to chemicals in the environment. Among the substances to which these organisms must respond are chemical signals, including pheromones and kairomones. Pheromones are chemical messengers between individuals of the same species, such as the sex attractants of moths and the alarm pheromone of honey bees. Kairomones are chemical messengers between species and adaptively favorable to the recipient, such as attractants and stimulants for insect oviposition and feeding emitted by a host plant. The importance of such chemical signals for survival and reproductive success is reflected in remarkable chemosensory capacities and specializations in diverse species of animals.After considering the evolutionary origins of the olfactory system and some basic principles of olfaction, this brief review examines one of the most extensively studied examples of neural processing of semiochemical information: the sex pheromone-specific olfactory subsystem in male moths. This malespecific subsystem can be viewed as representing an exaggeration of organizational principles and functional mechanisms that are characteristic of olfactory systems in general. Origins of Olfactory SystemsConsideration of the origins and evolution of chemosensation can help one to begin to understand the themes of olfaction and chemical communication that are common to diverse phyletic groups. This section emphasizes ideas that were propounded with characteristic clarity and elegance by the late Vincent Dethier in his 1990 R. H. Wright Lectures on Olfaction. Because the published version of those lectures (1) may not be widely accessible, some of Dethier's main points are restated here.Origins of Chemoreception. The universal chemoreceptive capacity of living o...

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Section: Origins Of Olfactory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of chemical signals by nervous systems.

Hildebrand

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

103

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“…Non-pheromone odors stimulate neurons that have terminals in other glomeruli than the macroglomerulus (Boeckh et al, 1984). It is not known if the increase in the number of sensilla in males is directly correlated to the increased size of the macroglomerulus in males, though I suspect this is so.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The cockroach antennal lobe has 120 glomeruli in P. americana (Boeckh et al, 1984) and 106 glomeruli in Blaberus crciniifer (Chambille and Rospars, 1985). In male cockroaches, a large glomerulus, the macroglomerulus, is situated near the entrance to the lobe from the antenna.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not more than 250 neurons connect the deutocerebrum and the protocerebrum, including descending neurons from the protocerebrum (Boeckh et al, 1984). Two main roots leave the deutocerebrum carrying five fiber tracts.…”

Section: Cockroach Sensory Morphology and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In male cockroaches, a large glomerulus, the macroglomerulus, is situated near the entrance to the lobe from the antenna. The macroglomerulus is responsible for the perception of female pheromone components, especially periplanone A and periplanone B (Malun et al, 1993).The macroglomerulus is formed by the fusion of several ordinary glomeruli during ontogeny in P. americana (Boeckh et al, 1984), but is formed from a single glomerulus in B. craniifer (Chambille and Rospars, 1985). Only 15 projection neurons leave the macroglomerulus in P.…”

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Insect repellents of natural origin: catnip and osage orange

Peterson

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order.ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 The studies presented here represent my efforts over the last several years to identify naturally occurring insect repellents. Two plants are reported here, catnip and the osage orange. The first study confirmed repellency of osage orange extracts to the maize weevil, but found that repellency to two components, osajin and pomiferin, was not significant. A second study evaluated the effects of catnip essential oil on German cockroaches. Extracts of the plant and isolated compounds were more repellent than diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET).One isomer of nepetalactone was more active than the other was. We determined that the chemoreceptors responsible for the repellent response were located on the antennae. A third study reexamined some of the activity we saw in osage orange extracts in the first study. We examined the essential oils of the fruit, and identified several sesquiterpene compounds. We tested the repellency of essential oil components to German cockroaches, and found several of them to be repellent. In the last study we examined the repellency of catnip and osage orange extracts to the yellow fever mosquito. We determined that catnip essential oil significantly reduced the number of insects near the treated area. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The Importance of Insects in Human HealthMembers of five orders in the Class Insecta feed on the blood of vertebrates:Phthiraptera (chewing and sucking lice, separated by some authors into two separate orders, the Mallophaga and Anoplura, respectively, of which only the Anoplura takes blood), Hemiptera (true bugs), Diptera (true flies), Siphonaptera (fleas) and a few species of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In addition, one order in th...

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Synaptic connection between olfactory receptor cells and uniglomerular projection neurons in the antennal lobe of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana

Distler

Boeckh

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Both antennal receptor cell axons and uniglomerular projection neurons of the antennal lobe were specifically labeled, and their synaptic relationship was studied at the fine structural level. The labelings were applied in different combinations: i) Experimentally induced anterograde degeneration of sensory-afferent axons was combined with injection of horseradish peroxidase into uniglomerular projection neurons. ii) Lucifer Yellow was injected into uniglomerular projection neurons, and receptor cell axons were anterogradely labeled with the lipophilic dye DiI. The fluorescent dyes were transformed by immuno- or photochemical treatment into electron-dense markers. In both types of preparations, a considerable number of monosynaptic output synapses from antennal receptor neurons onto processes of uniglomerular projection neurons were identified within the glomeruli of the lobe. In most cases, the receptor axon was connected in a dyadic fashion firstly to a process of a projection neuron and secondly to a nonlabeled process. The results clearly demonstrate a direct connection between receptor cells and output neurons of the cockroach antennal lobe which exists in parallel to the already proposed and demonstrated polysynaptic connection via inhibitory local interneurons.

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Anatomical and physiological characteristics of individual neurones in the central antennal pathway of insects

Cited by 111 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of chemical signals by nervous systems.

Analysis of chemical signals by nervous systems.

Insect repellents of natural origin: catnip and osage orange

Synaptic connection between olfactory receptor cells and uniglomerular projection neurons in the antennal lobe of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana

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