Anatomical Architecture of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Hippopotamus (<i><scp>H</scp>ippopotamus amphibius</i>) with Special Reference to the Derivation and Course of its Unique Branches

Yoshitomi, Sayaka; Kawashima, Tomokazu; Murakami, Kunio; Takayanagi, Masayoshi; Inoue, Yasuhiro; Aoyagi, Ryuichi; Sato, Fumi

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2012.01135.x

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The brachial plexus of the M. tridactyla showed only one pattern of formation comprising the ventral rami of the spinal nerves C5‐T1 (Figs and , Table ) as that of swine (Getty, ), rat (Uzun et al., ), monkey Cebus apella (Ribeiro et al., ), bonobo (Kikuchi et al., ), hippopotamus (Yoshitomi et al., ) and lesser anteater (Cruvinel et al., ). Moreover, this is the typical formation of the man's brachial plexus (Johnson et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brachial plexus is the complex network of nerves, which supplies motor, sensory and sympathetic fibres to the thoracic limb and part of the thoracic wall (Dyce et al., ; Johnson et al., ). The general composition of this plexus in terrestrial mammals seems to primarily include C5‐T1 with a minor contribution from C4 and/or T2 (Yoshitomi et al., ). The nerves that are branches of the brachial plexus or are direct continuations of the formative ventral branches include the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median, ulnar, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, pectoral and muscular branches (Miller et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gross Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus in the Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Souza

Cardoso

Araújo

et al. 2013

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ten forelimbs of five Myrmecophaga tridactyla were examined to study the anatomy of the brachial plexus. The brachial plexuses of the M. tridactyla observed in the present study were formed by the ventral rami of the last four cervical spinal nerves, C5 through C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1. These primary roots joined to form two trunks: a cranial trunk comprising ventral rami from C5-C7 and a caudal trunk receiving ventral rami from C8-T1. The nerves originated from these trunks and their most constant arrangement were as follows: suprascapular (C5-C7), subscapular (C5-C7), cranial pectoral (C5-C8), caudal pectoral (C8-T1), axillary (C5-C7), musculocutaneous (C5-C7), radial (C5-T1), median (C5-T1), ulnar (C5-T1), thoracodorsal (C5-C8), lateral thoracic (C7-T1) and long thoracic (C6-C7). In general, the brachial plexus in the M. tridactyla is similar to the plexuses in mammals, but the number of rami contributing to the formation of each nerve in the M. tridactyla was found to be larger than those of most mammals. This feature may be related to the very distinctive anatomical specializations of the forelimb of the anteaters.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus in the Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Souza

Cardoso

Araújo

et al. 2013

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous anatomical studies of the brachial plexus have been conducted to understand the phylogeny of the forelimb in mammals, such as the dog, platypus, echidna, capybara, paca, common hippopotamus, giant anteater, primates, and Sumatran rhinoceros (Kitchell and Evans, 1993;Koizumi and Sakai, 1997;Fioretto et al, 2003;Scavone et al, 2008;Yoshitomi et al, 2012;Souza et al, 2014;Shearer, 2015;Backus et al, 2016), and functional adaptation of the forelimbs in these species has been discussed. In primates, anatomical studies of the brachial plexus have been performed in catarrhines (Old World monkeys and Apes) such as the macaque, gibbon, Bornean orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo Nishimura et al, 1965;Kato and Sato, 1984;Koizumi and Sakai, 1995;Tokiyoshi et al, 2004;Kawashima et al, 2007;Kikuchi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)

Emura

Arakawa

Terashima

2017

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To elucidate the forelimb phylogeny of primates, anatomical analysis of the brachial plexus in platyrrhines is beneficial. In the present study, six brachial plexuses and the surrounding arteries of four common marmosets were dissected. In five specimens, the brachial plexus consisted of five ventral rami from the fifth cervical nerve (C5) to the first thoracic nerve (T1). In one specimen, the ventral ramus of the fourth cervical nerve joined with the brachial plexus. In five specimens, the upper trunk was composed of C5 and the sixth cervical nerve (C6). In one specimen, the ventral division of C6 merged with the ventral branch of the middle trunk to constitute the lateral cord. The seventh cervical nerve constituted the middle trunk, and the eighth cervical nerve and T1 formed the lower trunk in all specimens. The lateral cord gave rise to the musculocutaneous nerve, and the remaining component merged with the medial cord. The confluence of the lateral and medial cords immediately bifurcated into the median and ulnar nerves. These branching patterns of the musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves were consistent and similar to the human counterparts. In the dorsal division, the single posterior cord as observed in the human brachial plexus was not observed. The axillary artery did not pass between the medial and lateral roots of the median nerve, and the axillary artery bifurcated into the brachial artery and the superficial brachial artery. Anat Rec, 300:1299-1306, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

“…Y de acuerdo con la Unión Internacional de Conservación de la Naturaleza (IUCN 2015), la población del hipopótamo común y el hipopótamo pigmeo (Choeropsis liberiensis), es considerada como vulnerable (Lewison & Oliver 2008). Los estudios recientes en esta especie se han centrado en su arquitectura anatómica (Fisher et al 2010;Yoshitomi et al 2012), etología (Blowers et al 2010), fisiología (Noirard et al 2008) y ecología (Cerling et al 2008). En cuanto a su reproducción, se reporta en las hembras el estudio de los patrones endocrinos asociados a la ovulación y la preñez (Graham et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evaluación de la calidad espermática epididimal en hipopótamos Hippopotamus amphibius (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae) ubicados en el Magdalena Medio, Colombia

Betancur¹,

Giraldo²,

Suarez³

2016

AZM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Evaluación de la calidad espermática epididimal en hipopótamos Hippopotamus amphibius (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae) ubicados en el Magdalena Medio, Colombia. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 32(2): 158-167. RESUMEN. El hipopótamo común (Hippopotamus amphibius)es un mamífero del orden Artiodactyla, que habita en África, con una población decreciente a nivel global. Con fines de conservación genética, se han realizado procesos de biotecnología reproductiva, entre los que se reporta, la recuperación de espermatozoides por métodos como la electroeyaculación y la extracción desde epidídimos. Este mamífero es considerado una especie invasora exótica y fue introducido en Colombia en 1985; actualmente se reproduce de forma descontrolada en la región del Magdalena Medio. Como medida de control poblacional, se ha realizado la esterilización quirúrgica de algunos ejemplares. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar diferentes parámetros espermá-ticos e histológicos, relacionados con la calidad seminal epididimal de hipopótamos comunes ubicados en el Magdalena Medio, Colombia. Dos hipopótamos fueron orquiectomizados quirúrgicamente y los espermatozoides fueron recuperados por los métodos combinados de lavado retrógrado e inyección de medio. Se realizó la evaluación de la movilidad (sistema SCA ® ), la vitalidad espermática y la morfología espermática (prueba supravital), el potencial de membrana mitocondrial (JC-1), la integridad acrosómica (FITC-PNA), y la integridad estructural (SYBR14/IP) y funcional (prueba HOS) de la membrana plasmática. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis histológico de testículos y epidídimos. A excepción de la movilidad progresiva, la integridad funcional de membrana y la morfología espermática, se hallaron resultados muy similares para los parámetros de calidad seminal de ambos individuos. Las anormalidades espermáticas predominantes fueron gota citoplasmática y cola enrollada. El análisis histológico evidenció un proceso activo de espermatogénesis. Se concluye que la extracción epididimal de espermatozoides, posterior a la orquiectomía de hipopótamos comunes ubicados en un hábitat no nativo, permite obtener muestras espermáticas de buena calidad. Palabras clave: Colombia, cinética espermática, histología. Restrepo ABSTRACT. Common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)is a mammal of the Artiodactyla order, living in Africa, with a declining population globally. With genetic conservation purposes, there have been processes of reproductive biotechnology, among which it is reported, recovery of sperm by methods as electroejaculation and extraction from the epididymis. This mammal is considered an exotic and invasive species was introduced in Colombia 1985; currently it reproduces out of control in the Middle Magdalena region. As a means of population control, it has performed the surgical sterilization of some specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate different sperm and histological parameters related with epididymal semen quality of common hippopotamus located in the Colombian Middle Magdalen...

show abstract

Anatomical Architecture of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) with Special Reference to the Derivation and Course of its Unique Branches

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Gross Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus in the Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Gross Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus in the Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)

Evaluación de la calidad espermática epididimal en hipopótamos Hippopotamus amphibius (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae) ubicados en el Magdalena Medio, Colombia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About