Anatomical aspects of the male reproductive system in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)

Abstract

The normal anatomy of the male reproductive system in Macaca radiata is presented here. The external genitalia consist of a triangular button-shaped glans penis. The corpus cavernosum, and spongiosum form the vascular component of the penis and the baculum or os penis forms the non-vascular erectile component. The baculum is one of the longest in the genus macaques. The scrotal sac is non-pigmented, slightly pendulous, with scattered hairs, faintly corrugated, and does not reach the ischial callosities in the sitting posture. The testicles are ovoid in shape without appendix. Right and left testicular arteries originate at the level of the inter-vertebral disc between T12-L1 and L2-L3, respectively. Seminiferous tubules present mixed stages of spermatogenesis, i.e. single/multistage. The epididymis is crescent shaped, attached to the postero-lateral border of the testis without an appendix. Light microscopic observation revealed a characteristic high columnar epithelium with stereocilia. Clear cells or light cells are seen in the caudal region. The ductus deferens display a lumen lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium separated by concentric layers of smooth muscle cells covered by serosa. The seminal vesicles are pyramidal in shape, prominently projecting above the urinary bladder, and are the largest of the accessory glands, typical of polyandrous primate genera. The prostate is conical in shape. Its base is in contact with the trigone of the bladder. Its posterior surface shows a transverse cleft separating an upper quarter, the cranial lobe, from the lower three-quarters of the gland. Compared with other macaques there are many distinguishing features in M. radiata. Excellent adaptability and spermatogenic efficiency in the laboratory environment makes this animal a good primate model for andrological research.

Long-term study of vasectomy inMacaca radiata– histological and ultrasonographic analysis of testis and duct system

“…The bonnet monkey is a tropical inhabitant of the Indian subcontinent sharing reasonable similarity with human in terms of testis and its duct system. The shamoperated control showed normal histological testes and epididymides architecture and almost similar to normal monkey data reported earlier [Prakash et al 2009] and ruled out any iatrogenic effect. After vasectomy, the testes and epididymides underwent gross alterations in both short-term and long-term animals.…”

“…The sham-operated control testes and epididymides had no inflammatory reaction and demonstrated normal histoarchitecture as described elsewhere [Prakash et al 2009]. …”

Impact of sperm retrieival on testis and epididymis: an experimental study using Wistar albino rats

“…Sections were stained with Ehrlich alum hematoxylin and eosin and observed under bright-field microscope (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Histomorphometric analysis was done, details of the procedure are described elsewhere [Prakash et al 2008;Prakash et al 2009]. Values are given in relative terms.…”

Male Genital Organs in the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes); Macroanatomic and Three-dimentional Reconstruction Aspect

“…Prostate in Anatolian souslik is on the dorsal face of begining of urethra and as a single lobe on the ventral face of rectum (Cakır and Karatas, 2004). Prostate gland of monkey is like a cone (Prakash et al, 2009). Prostate of a fox, on the other hand, is circular and it was observed that it was in the caudal of urinary bladder as similar to dogs.…”

“…Glans penis of fox, which is a wild animal, was observed as coming out with ostium urehtra externum. Glans penis of a monkey, on the other hand, is triangular in shape or like a button (Prakash et al, 2009). Penis of a hyena, a wild carnivore, is chisel-shaped (Cunha et al, 2014).…”