Anatomical Characteristics and Biomechanical Properties of the Oblique Popliteal Ligament

Wu, Xiangdong; Yu, Jin-Hui; Zou, Tao; Wang, Wei; LaPrade, Robert F.; Huang, Wei; Sun, Shanquan

doi:10.1038/srep42698

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Since posterior structures, including the PMC and PLC, become taut with knee extension, these structures have a critical role in stabilizing the knee in an extension position. Furthermore, the posterior capsule and oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) are quite strong structures that contribute to the stability of knee extension [33]. Therefore, these structures should be equally repaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute primary repair of extraarticular ligaments and staged surgery in multiple ligament knee injuries

et al. 2020

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Background The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of acute primary repair of extraarticular ligaments with staged surgery for acute knee dislocations (KDs) and multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs). Materials and methods Between January 2005 and May 2018, 61 consecutive patients diagnosed with MLKI or KD were referred to or visited our institution. Of these, 31 patients who underwent acute repair of extraarticular ligaments within 3 weeks of injury were included in this study. These patients were retrospectively classified into two groups: those who underwent only primary repair (repair group) and those who underwent staged reconstructive surgery (staged group). Follow-up examination included range of motion (ROM), knee joint stability (Lachman test, posterior drawer test, and varus and valgus stress test), Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity scale, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score (KOOS). Results Twelve of the 31 patients did not need or desire further surgery and were included in the repair group. No significant difference was observed in demographic data between the repair and staged groups. Although staged surgery decreased positive posterior drawer test results, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding ROM, other knee joint stability tests, Lysholm scores, Tegner scale, or KOOS. Conclusions In this series, all patients returned to their activities of daily living and preinjury occupation levels. Acute primary repair of extraarticular ligaments provides essential knee stability without varus/valgus instability and may reduce the need for subsequent cruciate ligament reconstruction. Level of evidence Level IV, retrospective observational study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute primary repair of extraarticular ligaments and staged surgery in multiple ligament knee injuries

et al. 2020

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“…The fabellae in lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle were surrounded by extremely complicated structures comprising OPL, FFL, and arcuate ligament [17,20,24,34,36,37]. These ligaments directly attach to fabella when it presents [35,37], but the FFL was reported to be more frequently detected when the fabella was absent [22,37]. Furthermore, the presence of FFL and arcuate ligament were inconsistent structures with fabella [20] and were considered only involved in posterolateral corner complex of knee [37].…”

Section: Fabellar Prevalence and Parameters Variesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OPL originates from the posterior surface of the posteromedial tibia condyle, merges with bers from the semimembranosus tendon and from the posteromedial part of the capsule, then converges and courses in a diagonal oblique course, and nally attaches to the fabella when that is present [13,35]. As a structure involved in both posteromedial and posterolateral corner [19], OPL plays a role in preventing excessive external rotation and extension of knee [20,35]. The fabella is considered as a stabilizer during this procedure [17].…”

Section: Fabellar Prevalence and Parameters Variesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fabella is considered as a stabilizer during this procedure [17]. For this purpose, forces might shift from fabella along OPL and separate into a horizontal force and a vertical force [35], then it could make a persistent stretch upon the fabella. As a result, its length and width are extended and thus a atter morphology is showed.…”

Section: Fabellar Prevalence and Parameters Variesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabellar prevalence, parameters and association with medial meniscal tear: causality or coincidence?

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Fabella is a sesamoid bone of knee that has potential biomechanical function. The correlation between medial meniscal (MM) tear and fabella has not been rigorously examined. The aim of this study is to examine the fabellar prevalence and parameters in Chinese population and test the hypothesis that fabellar presence and morphology are associated with MM tear.Methods: A total of 1011 knee magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed. The fabellar presence was documented and parameters were measured. Further ratios were calculated to present fabellar morphology. Differences among subgroups were compared and correlation of fabellar presence and parameters with advancing age was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate whether factors have relationship with MM tear. Diagnostic performance of risk factors was assessed and cut values were determined.Results: The overall prevalence of fabellae was 39.8% and increased with the increasing age (r = .237, P < .001). The fabellar were larger in male and ones with an articulating groove (all p < .001). The length/thickness ratio and width/thickness ratio were found significantly different between gender, age and articulating groove condition (all P < .05) and showed a moderate correlation with age (r = .463, p < .001; r = .303, p < .001), respectively. Fabella presented more often in knees with MM tears with a multivariate OR of 2.960 (95% CI, 1.853-3.903). Age, fabellar length, width, length/thickness ratio and width/thickness ratio yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.604-0.766 to predict an MM tear. In combination with age, fabellar width and length/thickness ratio, the diagnostic performance was improved to an AUC of 0.791 (95% CI, 0.744-0.837), a sensitivity of 73.0% and a specificity of 74.6% (OR, 7.939; 95% CI, 4.094-12.852). Conclusion: The presence of fabellae, increased fabellar length and width as well as flatter fabellar morphology, are significantly associated with an increased risk for MM tear. These findings might aid clinicians in identifying patients at risk for a MM tear and informing them.

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“…Nevertheless, in recent years, some reports just described that fabella was located in the knee joint behind the lateral femoral condyle [10][11][12][13] . And the fabella has certainly anatomical variations in location and quantity but no one have classified [14,15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Classification of Fabellae and the Severity of Keen Osteoarthritis: A Relevant Study in Chinese Population

Zhang¹,

Wen²,

He³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The fabella is a sesamoid bone having anatomical variations and it is more common in patients with primary keen osteoarthritis (KOA). The purpose of this study was to classify the fabellae and discuss the relationship between the classification of fabellae and the severity of KOA in Chinese. Material and methods: 136 patients were measured and classified using CT three-dimensional reconstruction. According to the CT imaging characteristics, the fabellae were divided into 5 types: type Ⅰ, a fabella on the lateral femoral condyle; type Ⅱ, a fabella on the medial femoral condyle; type Ⅲ, a fabella on the lateral femoral condyle and a fabella on the medial femoral condyle; type Ⅳ, two fabellae on the medial femoral condyle and type Ⅴ, two fabellae on the lateral femoral condyle. The severity of KOA was assessed on the Recht grade by MRI. The data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0. Results: The classification of fabellae were correlated with KOA grades (c 2 =35.026, P<0.05). In terms of KOA grades, grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ were occupied most of fabellar type Ⅱ (32, 72.8%); type Ⅱ and other types were significant statistical difference (P<0.05). Grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ were also the most of fabellar type Ⅳ (4, 100%). Fabellar type Ⅴ’s biggest component were grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ (6, 75%). Type Ⅳ and type Ⅴ were significant statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The classification of fabellae were correlated with KOA grades. The type Ⅱ may mean the lower KOA grades while type Ⅴ may mean the higher KOA grades. Trial registration: the Ethics Inspection Committee at Southwest Medical University, V1.0/20180801. Registered 20 August 2018.

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Anatomical Characteristics and Biomechanical Properties of the Oblique Popliteal Ligament

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Acute primary repair of extraarticular ligaments and staged surgery in multiple ligament knee injuries

Acute primary repair of extraarticular ligaments and staged surgery in multiple ligament knee injuries

Fabellar prevalence, parameters and association with medial meniscal tear: causality or coincidence?

Relationship Between Classification of Fabellae and the Severity of Keen Osteoarthritis: A Relevant Study in Chinese Population

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