Anatomical characterization of ADHD using an atlas-based analysis: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Acer, Niyazi; Dolu, Nazan; Zararsız, Gökmen; Dogan, Mehmet Sait; Gümüş, Kazım; Özmen, Sevgi; Kara, Ali Yücel; Soysal, Handan; Per, Hüseyin; Bilgen, Mehmet

doi:10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.08

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Considering the thalamus and the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), 13 studies reported significant case-control differences in children [ 20 – 22 , 28 , 30 , 43 , 50 , 64 – 69 ]. Among these, two reported reduced FA [ 67 , 68 ], and two increased FA [ 43 , 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White matter alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of 129 diffusion imaging studies with meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Aberrant anatomical brain connections in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are reported inconsistently across diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) studies. Based on a pre-registered protocol (Prospero: CRD42021259192), we searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge until 26/03/2022 to conduct a systematic review of DWI studies. We performed a quality assessment based on imaging acquisition, preprocessing, and analysis. Using signed differential mapping, we meta-analyzed a subset of the retrieved studies amenable to quantitative evidence synthesis, i.e., tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies, in individuals of any age and, separately, in children, adults, and high-quality datasets. Finally, we conducted meta-regressions to test the effect of age, sex, and medication-naïvety. We included 129 studies (6739 ADHD participants and 6476 controls), of which 25 TBSS studies provided peak coordinates for case-control differences in fractional anisotropy (FA)(32 datasets) and 18 in mean diffusivity (MD)(23 datasets). The systematic review highlighted white matter alterations (especially reduced FA) in projection, commissural and association pathways of individuals with ADHD, which were associated with symptom severity and cognitive deficits. The meta-analysis showed a consistent reduced FA in the splenium and body of the corpus callosum, extending to the cingulum. Lower FA was related to older age, and case-control differences did not survive in the pediatric meta-analysis. About 68% of studies were of low quality, mainly due to acquisitions with non-isotropic voxels or lack of motion correction; and the sensitivity analysis in high-quality datasets yielded no significant results. Findings suggest prominent alterations in posterior interhemispheric connections subserving cognitive and motor functions affected in ADHD, although these might be influenced by non-optimal acquisition parameters/preprocessing. Absence of findings in children may be related to the late development of callosal fibers, which may enhance case-control differences in adulthood. Clinicodemographic and methodological differences were major barriers to consistency and comparability among studies, and should be addressed in future investigations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies reported alterations in the cerebellum or the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) in children with ADHD [ 19 , 20 , 25 , 32 , 37 , 49 , 64 , 83 ]. Among these, reduced FA was identified by three VBA [ 19 , 32 , 49 ], two TBSS [ 25 , 37 ] and one ROI study [ 83 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of 129 diffusion imaging studies with meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…27 28 29 36 37 The deviation of the diffusion ellipsoid from a spherical case describes FA. 31 38 39 The MD is a measure of the average molecular motion independent of any tissue directionality and proportional to the volume of the ellipsoid characterized by the DT. 39…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 38 39 The MD is a measure of the average molecular motion independent of any tissue directionality and proportional to the volume of the ellipsoid characterized by the DT. 39…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Brachial Plexus Using Combined Stereological Techniques of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fiber Tracking

Acer

Turğut

2019

J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj

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Background Brachial plexus (BP) is composed of intercommunications among the ventral roots of the nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 in the neck. The in vivo and in vitro evaluation of axons of the peripheral nervous system is performed using different techniques. Recently, many studies describing the application of fiber tractography and stereological axon number estimation to peripheral nerves have been published. Methods Various quantitative parameters of nerve fibers, including axon number, density, axonal area, and myelin thickness, can be estimated using stereological techniques. In vivo three-dimensional reconstruction of axons of BP can be visualized using a combined technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tracking with the potential to evaluate nerve fiber content. Conclusion It is concluded that terminal branches of BP can be successfully visualized using DTI, which is a highly reproducible method for the evaluation of BP as it shows anatomical and functional features of neural structures. We believe that quantitative morphological findings obtained from BP will be useful for new experimental, developmental, and pathological studies in the future.

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“…In BD and SCZ, disrupted interhemispheric communication may contribute to the cognitive and emotional dysregulation observed in these disorders (Frumin et al, 2002; Wise et al, 2016). In individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is evidence of decreased volume and alterations in the microstructure of the CC, indicating disruptions in interhemispheric connectivity (Acer et al, 2017). Similarly, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit differences in CC size, shape, and connectivity, suggesting atypical development of white matter microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Genetic Architecture of the Corpus Callosum and its Overlap with Psychiatric and Substance Use Phenotypes

Campbell,

Shadrin,

van der Meer

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundThe corpus callosum (CC) is a brain structure with a high heritability and a potential role in psychiatric and substance use traits. However, the genetic relationship of the CC, and its subregions, with psychiatric phenotypes remains largely unclear. We aimed to investigate the genetic architecture of the CC and its subregions and its overlap with psychiatric phenotypes using causal mixture model analysis.MethodsWe employed summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the CC (n=35,592), psychiatric- (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD; autism spectrum disorder, ASD; bipolar disorder, BD; major depressive disorder, MDD; schizophrenia, SCZ) and substance use- phenotypes (drinks per week, smoking cessation, smoking initialization, number of cigarettes per day and cannabis use) phenotypes, and performed bivariate casual mixture model analyses with MiXeR to investigate the genetic overlap between these phenotypes. Conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) was used to identify genetic loci that exhibit joint associations with the CC and psychiatric or substance use phenotypes. Open Targets was used to annotate significant, independent variants and MAGMA was used to conduct gene-set enrichment analyses.ResultsThe polygenicity of the CC subregions ranges from 1.4k variants in the posterior subregion to 1.8k variants in the mid posterior subregion, with approximately 1.8k variants influencing total CC volume. The extent of genetic overlap between CC and psychiatric and substance use phenotypes varied across CC subregion; loci contributing to anterior regions showing almost complete overlap with those involved in BD and SCZ (96% and 98%, respectively), while a distinct pattern emerged for MDD indicating fewer variants overlapping with central and mid anterior subregions (47% and 38%, respectively), loci contributing to the central region exhibited substantial overlap with drinks per week (87%). Loci contributing to the CC subregions exhibited lower overlap with ASD and ADHD (26% to 48%). The conjunctional analysis of CC subregions and psychiatric phenotypes revealed a total of 138 significant independent variants, with gene-set enrichment analyses implicating antigen processing, regulation of the extracellular matrix and hyaluronan metabolism.ConclusionWe observed significant genetic overlap between the CC and SCZ, BD, and drinks per week, identifying loci linked to brain-related traits with specific overlap patterns found across conditions. Overlapping genetic architectures suggest shared biological pathways, and the potential value of targeting such pathways for the purposes of treatment.

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Anatomical characterization of ADHD using an atlas-based analysis: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

White matter alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of 129 diffusion imaging studies with meta-analysis

White matter alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of 129 diffusion imaging studies with meta-analysis

Evaluation of Brachial Plexus Using Combined Stereological Techniques of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fiber Tracking

Regional Genetic Architecture of the Corpus Callosum and its Overlap with Psychiatric and Substance Use Phenotypes

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