ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION OF ORBITAL REGION IN ONE HUMPED CAMEL (camelusdramadarius )

Background Enucleation and exenteration are widely utilized ophthalmic procedures in veterinary practice, involving the complete removal of the eye and comprehensive extraction of orbital contents, respectively. These procedures are indicated for pain relief, excision, and management of neoplasia metastases, and addressing severe medically untreatable conditions. Aim This study aimed to develop an orbital enucleation surgical approach. The study evaluated the applicability of the new approach and investigated the impact of the surgical procedure. Methods Anatomical dissection of three cadaveric heads and surgical orbital enucleation in four cadaveric heads were performed. Anatomical data was collected, and feasibility, safety and applicability of the procedure were assessed. Results Anatomical dissection showed a distinctive large orbital fossa, providing a suitable surgical window to access orbital structures. The procedure was found to be feasible, facilitating the complete removal of the orbital content. Notably, the preservation of intact eyelids was prioritized to enhance cosmetic appearance. Conclusion The presented orbital enucleation technique proved to be feasible, safe, reproducible, and required basic surgical skills to perform.

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A modified supraorbital surgical approach for enucleation- exenteration in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius): Clinical study

Marzok,

Nazih,

Almubarak

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Enucleation and exenteration are widely utilized ophthalmic procedures in veterinary field. Enucleation in camels is like other large animals, typically performed under the influence of heavy sedation and loco-regional analgesia. The aim of the current study was to introduce a new surgical approach to enucleate the eye of camels through supraorbital fossa approach. for that purpose, the technique was applied to seven camels referred to the King-fisal teaching veterinary hospital for unilateral enucleation. Assessment of applicability, safety and feasibility of this technique was done. All procedures were performed in the kush (sitting) position under the influence of heavy sedation with Xylazine HCl in combination with retrobulbar nerve block. A "C" shaped skin incision was made in the skin and fascia of the supraorbital fossa to enter the orbital cavity, after which the periorbital fat was gripped, dissected and removed. Bleeding controlled by electrocautery and visible large blood vessels were ligated. After ligation the optic nerve and ophthalmic blood vessels, the eyeball was dissected sharply and freed from the orbital bony attachment. Finally, the orbital fascia and skin were sutured with simple interrupted pattern separately. The approach proved successful in all camels, with the enucleation procedure being both feasible and easily performed. The mean surgical time was approximately 46.6±12.4 minutes. The minimal occurrence of short and long-term complications was encouraging, and the cosmetic outcomes were notably improved. The supraorbital approach is a safe and effective technique for camel ophthalmic surgery, showing advantages in exposure and minimal complications. Further research is needed for validation and broader clinical applications.

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ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION OF ORBITAL REGION IN ONE HUMPED CAMEL (camelusdramadarius )

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Development of an ultrasound-guided technique for retrobulbar nerve block in dromedary camels: a cadaveric study

Development of an ultrasound-guided technique for retrobulbar nerve block in dromedary camels: a cadaveric study

A novel supraorbital surgical approach for enucleation in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries): cadaveric study

A modified supraorbital surgical approach for enucleation- exenteration in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius): Clinical study

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