Anatomical Dissection and Modified Sihler Stain of the Lower Branches of the Facial Nerve

Salinas, Nathan L.; Jackson, Oksana A.; Dunham, Brian; Bartlett, Scott P.

doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3181bceea5

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Secondly malfunction of the lower lip domain caused by the transection of the platysma muscle may at Wrst minimic MMN paresis and last until the muscle had successfully healed and the function restored [2]. Recent studies show evidence of a communication between the marginal mandibular and cervical nerve branches, which also could explain cases of lip depressor deWciency after dissection in level III and IV [23]. Moreover, injury to the thin descending cervical division of the facial nerve as often happens during parotidectomy may also contribute to temporary malfunction of the platysma muscle [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk of marginal mandibular nerve injury in neck dissection

Möller

Sørensen

2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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The immediate and permanent frequency of injury to the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (MMN) after neck dissection has only scarcely been addressed in the medical literature. We investigated the risk of injury in 159 consecutive patients after neck dissection for various reasons in level I B and level II A, respectively. In 95 patients with oral cancer 13 (14%) of the cases had malfunction of the lower lip domain 2 weeks after neck dissection in level I B indicating paresis to the MMN. Follow-up analyses 1-2 years after the operation showed permanent paralysis in 4 to 7% of the cases in whom two of them had the nerve sacrificed for oncologic reasons during the operation. In 18 patients with parotic cancer the corresponding permanent frequency of MMN paralysis was 11.1%. In 46 patients with neck dissection in level II A but not in level I B, no paresis of the MMN was registered. Recognition of the MMN during the operation, pre- or postoperative radiation therapy, re-operation for deep hemorrhage, age, gender or postoperative infection did not have any statistically significant influence on the frequency of MMN injury. In conclusion we found a moderate risk of injury to the MMN after neck dissection in level I B whereas the corresponding risk after level II A dissection was negligible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk of marginal mandibular nerve injury in neck dissection

Möller

Sørensen

2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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“…It run downward to get the platysma muscle. It was described as a single branch (15%), a double branch (55%), or having three branches (30%) (Salinas et al, ). We just found one case of a double branch (2.6%) and another one with three branches (2.6%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracranial Course of the Facial Nerve Revisited

Pascual

Maranillo

Vázquez

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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“…In another study of 20 hemifaces, the cervical branch was found to have great variability in terms of number of branches and branching pattern. 37 None of the cervical branches was ever more than 15 mm posterior to the mandibular angle or 45 mm below the inferior mandibular border. Only three of the 20 specimens had a single cervical branch, with two cervical branches being most common (11 of the 20 specimens), followed by three cervical branches in the remaining six specimens.…”

Section: Cervical Branch Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Considerations to Prevent Facial Nerve Injury

Roostaeian

Rohrich

Stuzin

2015

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Injury to the facial nerve during a face lift is a relatively rare but serious complication. A large body of literature has been dedicated toward bettering the understanding of the anatomical course of the facial nerve and the relative danger zones. Most of these prior reports, however, have focused on identifying the location of facial nerve branches based on their trajectory mostly in two dimensions and rarely in three dimensions. Unfortunately, the exact location of the facial nerve relative to palpable or visible facial landmarks is quite variable. Although the precise location of facial nerve branches is variable, its relationship to soft-tissue planes is relatively constant. The focus of this report is to improve understanding of facial soft-tissue anatomy so that safe planes of dissection during surgical undermining may be identified for each branch of the facial nerve. Certain anatomical locations more prone to injury and high-risk patient parameters are further emphasized to help minimize the risk of facial nerve injury during rhytidectomy.

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Anatomical Dissection and Modified Sihler Stain of the Lower Branches of the Facial Nerve

Abstract: A detailed description of the anatomy of the cervical branch is provided. Coinnervation of the lower lip depressors by the cervical branch remains a plausible explanation for the lower lip deformity attributed to cervical branch paralysis in some patients.

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Risk of marginal mandibular nerve injury in neck dissection

Risk of marginal mandibular nerve injury in neck dissection

Extracranial Course of the Facial Nerve Revisited

Anatomical Considerations to Prevent Facial Nerve Injury

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