Anatomical distribution of somatostatin immunoreactivity in the infant brainstem

Chigr, Fatiha; Najimi, Mohamed; Leduque, Patrick; Charnay, Yves; Jordan, D. C.; Chayvialle, J.A.; Tohyama, Masaya; Kopp, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90135-8

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…We consider that the present observations provide a clear-cut indication for the existence of distinct subregions (which may possibly be considered as a single whole structure) in the human dorsal column nuclear complex, placed in the territory of the main Cu and cuneate fascicle, never formally determined so far and whose neurochemical anatomy bears a striking resemblance to that of the spinal and brainstem sensory nuclei committed to transmit protopathic stimuli, including pain. At various levels, they may appear composed of a deep part, almost devoid of immunoreactivity, and a superficial part where the immunoreactivity for the examined substances parallels that present in the superficial layers of the Sp5C (present data; Del Fiacco et al 1984; Chigr et al 1989; Rikard-Bell et al 1990; Unger and Lange 1991; Quartu et al 1992, 1999, 2008; Del Fiacco and Quartu 1994; Quartu and Del Fiacco 1994; Del Fiacco et al 1994; 2002; Yan et al 1997; Kawamoto et al 2000) and spinal dorsal horn (Cuello et al 1976; De Lanerolle and LaMotte 1982; Anand et al 1984; Chung et al 1989; Unger and Lange 1991; Nacimiento et al 1993; Bonfanti et al 1992; Jongen et al 1999; Kawamoto et al 2000; Del Fiacco et al 2002; Schoenen and Faull 2004). Thus, the observed immunolocalizations suggest to explore the possibility that these subregions contain a superficial laminar pattern in their structural organization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This is particularly evident for a number of neuropeptides. Thus, for instance, compared to dorsal column nuclei, protopathic sensory nuclei host greater amounts of nerve fibers and terminals (and, for some neuropeptides, perikarya) immunoreactive to substance P (SP) (Cuello and Kanazawa 1978; Ljungdahl et al 1978; Del Fiacco et al 1984), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (Skofitsch and Jacobowitz 1985b; Unger and Lange 1991; van Rossum et al 1997), methionine- (M-EK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-EK) (Simantov et al 1977; Haber and Elde 1982; Conrath-Verrier et al 1983), somatostatin (SOM) (Johansson et al 1984; Taber-Pierce et al 1985; Vincent et al 1985; Chigr et al 1989), and galanin (GAL) (Skofitsch and Jacobowitz 1985a; Melander et al 1986; Kordower et al 1992). Second-order sensory nuclei for protopathic and epicritic sensation differ in a similar way in their content of other neuroactive substances, such as the trophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Tang et al 2010; Yan et al 1997) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) (Jongen et al 1999; Quartu et al 1999; Kawamoto et al 2000; Del Fiacco et al 2002), and markers of neuronal plasticity, such as the highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) (Bonfanti et al 1992; Seki and Arai 1993; Quartu et al 2008) and the growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) (Benowitz et al 1988; Wiese et al 1991; Nacimiento et al1993; Del Fiacco et al 1994; Jain et al 1995; Quartu et al 1995; Zou and Martin 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The human cuneate nucleus contains discrete subregions whose neurochemical features match those of the relay nuclei for nociceptive information

et al. 2013

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The present paper is aimed at defining distinctive subdivisions of the human cuneate nucleus (Cu), evident from prenatal to old life, whose occurrence has never been clearly formalized in the human brain, or described in other species so far. It extends our early observations on the presence of gray matter areas that host strong substance P (SP) immunoreactivity in the territory of the human Cu and adjacent cuneate fascicle. Here we provide a three-dimensional reconstruction of the Cu fields rich in SP and further identify those areas by means of their immunoreactivity to the neuropeptides SP, calcitonin gene-related peptide, methionine- and leucine-enkephalin, peptide histidine-isoleucine, somatostatin and galanin, to the trophins glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and to the neuroplasticity proteins polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule and growth-associated protein-43. The presence, density and distribution of immunoreactivity for each of these molecules closely resemble those occurring in the superficial layers of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5C). Myelin and Nissl stainings suggest that those Cu subregions and the Sp5C superficial layers share a similar histological aspect. This work establishes the existence of definite subregions, localized within the Cu territory, that bear the neurochemical and histological features of sensory nuclei committed to the neurotransmission of protopathic stimuli, including pain. These findings appear of particular interest when considering that functional, preclinical and clinical studies show that the dorsal column nuclei, classical relay station of fine somatic tactile and proprioceptive sensory stimuli, are also involved in pain neurotransmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human cuneate nucleus contains discrete subregions whose neurochemical features match those of the relay nuclei for nociceptive information

et al. 2013

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“…In agreement with the wide distribution of somatostatin fibers and receptors within the brain, a multitude of functions have been attributed to this peptide, including motricity, control of sleep, hunger and satiety, nociception and analgesia, learning and memory (Epelbaum et al 1994;Schindler et al 1996). Moreover, developmental studies suggest that somatostatin could play a role in the maturation of several neuronal pathways during brain ontogenesis (Shiosaka et al 1982;Morley et al 1985b;Najimi et al 1989;Chigr et al 1989;Burgunder 1994). The peptide could also play a maintenance role in the adult brain as selective and specific alterations of somatostatin concentrations or its receptors have been reported for several neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders (Palacios et al 1990; Bissette and Myers 1992;Rubinow et al 1995;Timmers et al 1996;Zhang et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog

Pego-Reigosa¹,

Coveñas

Tramu

et al. 2001

Anatomy and Embryology

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The term somatostatin refers to a family of peptides, mainly somatostatin-14, somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-28 (1-12), which are the cleavage products of a single 116 amino acid-long preprosomatostain molecule. The production of antibodies to these peptides allows their localization in a number of neuronal populations throughout the entire neuroaxis in many mammals. The dog has been pointed out as an extremely useful animal model for studying age-related cognitive dysfunction and other neuronal changes associated with aging in which somatostatin appears to be involved. However, only very scanty information is available with regard to the distribution of somatostatin in the brain of the dog. In the present work we have determined the pattern of the distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog. High to moderate densities of labeled perikarya were found in the anterior periventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, the reticular thalamic nucleus, in delimited parts of the nucleus of the brachium inferior colliculus, the retrorubral area, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the myelencephalic reticular formation and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Less dense population of somatostatin cells were localized in other diencephalic and brainstem nuclei. The distribution of labeled fibers was even broader as in addition to those above mentioned there were a number of areas that appeared devoid of labeled perikarya. Many of the findings were similar to those reported in earlier works while others underlined the existence of inconsistencies in the distribution pattern of this peptide in the brain of mammals.

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“…In the brainstem, SST can be detected in somata and terminals of several nuclei related to the central respiratory groups, including the parabrachial nucleus and the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS). SST immunoreactive fibers were also seen in locus ceruleus, the NTS, and the nucleus ambiguus (Chigr et al, 1989). The NTS and the VRC contains also immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK) 8-like neurons (Ellenberger and Smith, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation and the orchestration of the respiratory rhythm

Doi

Ramirez

2008

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

208

188

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The respiratory system is continuously modulated by numerous aminergic and peptidergic substances that act at all levels of integration: from the sensory level to the level of central networks and motor nuclei. The same neuronal networks receive inputs from multiple modulators released locally as well as from distal nuclei. All parameters of respiratory control are controlled by multiple neuromodulators. By partly converging onto similar G-proteins and second messenger systems, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, ATP, substance P, cholecystokinin (CCK) can increase frequency, regularity and amplitude of respiratory activity. Yet, the same modulator can also exert differential effects on respiratory activity by acting on different receptors partly in the same neurons. In the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) modulators can differentially modulate frequency and amplitude in different types of pacemaker neurons. Similarly motoneurons located in different motor nuclei receive differential amplitude modulation from different modulators. Thus, modulators are capable of orchestrating and modulating different parameters of respiratory activity by differentially targeting different cellular targets. A disturbance in modulatory control may lead to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and erratic breathing.

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Anatomical distribution of somatostatin immunoreactivity in the infant brainstem

Cited by 37 publications

References 72 publications

The human cuneate nucleus contains discrete subregions whose neurochemical features match those of the relay nuclei for nociceptive information

The human cuneate nucleus contains discrete subregions whose neurochemical features match those of the relay nuclei for nociceptive information

Distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and the brainstem of the dog

Neuromodulation and the orchestration of the respiratory rhythm

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