Anatomical evidence for enteric neuroimmune interactions in Peyer’s patches

Vulchanova, Lucy; Casey, Melissa A.; Crabb, Gwen; Kennedy, William R.; Brown, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.01.014

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, several pathological events of infective and non-infective nature cause disruption of the epithelial layer integrity Laukoetter et al 2008), and bacteria and viruses can also translocate across the integer epithelial barrier by way of specialized cells able to convey them to underlying immune cells located in the mucosa and Peyer's patches (Bomsel and Alfsen 2003;Niedergang and Kweon 2005). At these sites, close apposition between immune cells and nerve fibers has been demonstrated Vulchanova et al 2007). In addition to pathological conditions, bacterial translocation is also normally present and contributes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue development, induction of tolerance to commensal microbiota, and constant stimulation of immune cells (Macpherson and Uhr 2004a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like Receptors 3, 4, and 7 Are Expressed in the Enteric Nervous System and Dorsal Root Ganglia

Barajon¹,

Serrao

Arnaboldi

et al. 2009

J Histochem Cytochem.

250

199

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S U M M A R Y The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of innate immunity receptors belonging to the Toll-like family in the neural plexuses of the different tracts of murine intestine, of the human ileum, and in lower dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from where extrinsic afferents to these plexuses originate. Results obtained by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence on paraffin-embedded tissue and whole-mount preparations show that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) -3 and -7, recognizing viral RNA, and TLR4, recognizing lipopolysaccharide (membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria), are expressed in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of murine intestine and human ileum, and in DRGs primary sensory neurons. They also show that TLR4 immunostaining is stronger in murine distal large bowel. In murine tissue, expression of TLRs was present in both neurons and glial cells. These observations indicate that the enteric neural network might be directly activated by bacterial and viral components and is therefore more in the forefront than previously envisaged in defense responses of the intestinal wall and in the cross-talk with intestinal microbiota. They also highlight the presence of a peripheral neural network that by way of hardwired neurotransmission could potentially convey to the central nervous system specific information on our microbial counterpart and invading or potentially invading pathogens. (J Histochem Cytochem

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like Receptors 3, 4, and 7 Are Expressed in the Enteric Nervous System and Dorsal Root Ganglia

Barajon¹,

Serrao

Arnaboldi

et al. 2009

J Histochem Cytochem.

250

199

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“…Intestinal neurons innervate intestinal mucosa, including GALT. The innervation of PP includes peptidergic fibers that contain neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (Vulchanova et al 2007). Immune cells express neuropeptide receptors, and their activation can influence antigen presentation, cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone-induced changes in the lymphoid tissue and mucosal nerve fibers in the porcine ileum

Obremski¹,

Gonkowski²,

Wojtacha³

2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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This is the first study to examine zearalenone-(ZEN) induced changes in the immune system of the ileum and substance P-(SP-) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-(VIP-) immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosa, which participate in the regulation of intestinal functions under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. The aim of this study was also to identify potential relationships between selected immune and neural elements in ileal Peyer's patches in pigs that were and were not exposed to ZEN. The experiment was performed on 10 prepubertal gilts divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=5) where ZEN was administered at 0.1 mg kg -1 feed day -1 for 42 days, and the control group (n=5) which was administered a placebo. The tissue levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which revealed elevated concentrations of IL-12/23 40p and IL-1 β in animals exposed to ZEN. Flow cytometry revealed a lower percentage of CD21+ lymphocytes in pigs exposed to ZEN in comparison with control animals. The tissue levels of neuropeptides were evaluated in the dot blot procedure which demonstrated higher concentrations of VIP and SP in experimental pigs. In experimental animals, numerous VIP-like immunoreactive processes were observed, and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers formed a very dense network. Our results demonstrate for the first time that ZEN can modify the chemical coding of nerve structures in the gastrointestinal system. Those modifications can be attributed to ZEN's impact on estrogen receptors or its pro-inflammatory properties, and they reflect changes that take place in the nervous system at the transcriptional, translational and metabolic level.

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“…Major functional classes of enteric neuron include intrinsic primary aVerent neurons and several types each of interneurons, smooth muscle motor neurons, secretomotor neurons, and vasomotor neurons. Though not fully characterized, even local gut immune function is modulated by the enteric nervous system, in part through peptidergic innervation of Peyer's patches [50]. The enteric nervous system is thus a complex neural system that is intimately associated with all layers of the gut, including the mucosal layer through which prions gain entry into the host, and Peyer's patches in which prion replication occurs early in disease progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myenteric neurons of the ileum that express somatostatin are a target of prion neuroinvasion in an alimentary model of sheep scrapie

et al. 2008

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Neuroinvasion of the enteric nervous system by prions is an important step in dissemination to the brain, yet very little is known about the basic process of enteric neuroinvasion. Using an alimentary model of neonatal disease transmission, neuroinvasion by scrapie prions in the ileum of lambs was detected by immunohistochemical staining for the disease-associated form of the prion protein, PrP Sc . Odds ratios (OR) were determined for the frequency of PrP Sc staining within enteric somata categorized by plexus location (myenteric, submucosal) and neurochemical staining (PGP 9.5, neural nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). PrP Sc was observed in 4.48 § 4.26% of myenteric neurons and 2.57 § 1.82% of submucosal neurons in Wve lambs aged 208-226 days but not in a lamb aged 138 days. The relative frequency of PrP Sc within enteric somata was interdependent on plexus location and neurochemical type. Interestingly, PrP Sc was observed more frequently within myenteric neurons than in submucosal neurons (PGP 9.5; OR = 1.72, 95% conWdence interval = 1.21-2.44), and was observed within the myenteric plexus approximately 4£ (2.16-6.94) more frequently in somatostatin neurons than in the general neural population stained by PGP 9.5. Nerve Wbers stained for somatostatin were present in the mucosa and near PrP Sc staining within Peyer's patches. The results suggest that somatostatin-expressing enteric neurons, with Wber projections near Peyer's patches, but with somata present in greatest proportion within the myenteric plexus, are an early target for neuroinvasion by scrapie prions and could serve an important role in neural dissemination.

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Anatomical evidence for enteric neuroimmune interactions in Peyer’s patches

Cited by 59 publications

References 47 publications

Toll-like Receptors 3, 4, and 7 Are Expressed in the Enteric Nervous System and Dorsal Root Ganglia

Toll-like Receptors 3, 4, and 7 Are Expressed in the Enteric Nervous System and Dorsal Root Ganglia

Zearalenone-induced changes in the lymphoid tissue and mucosal nerve fibers in the porcine ileum

Myenteric neurons of the ileum that express somatostatin are a target of prion neuroinvasion in an alimentary model of sheep scrapie

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