Anatomical evidence for glutamate and/or aspartate as neurotransmitters in the geniculo-, claustro-, and cortico-cortical pathways to the cat striate cortex

Pérez‐Cerdá, Fernando; Martínez‐Millán, Luis; Matute, Carlos

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960923)373:3<422::aid-cne7>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Virtually all extrinsic afferents, including feedback cortico-cortical inputs to the cat’s primary visual cortex use glutamate and/or asparate as neurotransmitters and are thus presumably excitatory (Pérez-Cerdá et al, 1996). Indeed, electrical stimulation of areas 18 (V2) or 19 (V3) of the cat (Bullier et al, 1988) or the latero-medial (LM presumptive V2) area of the rat (Shao and Burkhalter, 1996) or area V2 of the mouse (De Pasquale and Sherman, 2011) result in the orthodromic, monosynaptic spike discharges or mono-synaptic depolarizations of neurons in their respective ipsilateral V1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing “Top-Down” Cortical Signals Affects Spike-Responses of Neurons in Cat’s “Intermediate” Visual Cortex

Huang

Wang

Dreher

2017

Front. Neural Circuits

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We examined the effects of reversible inactivation of a higher-order, pattern/form-processing, postero-temporal visual (PTV) cortex on the background activities and spike-responses of single neurons in the ipsilateral cytoarchitectonic area 19 (putative area V3) of anesthetized domestic cats. Very occasionally (2/28), silencing recurrent “feedback” signals from PTV, resulted in significant and reversible reduction in background activity of area 19 neurons. By contrast, in large proportions of area 19 neurons, PTV inactivation resulted in: (i) significant reversible changes in the peak magnitude of their responses to visual stimuli (35.5%; 10/28); (ii) substantial reversible changes in direction selectivity indices (DSIs; 43%; 12/28); and (iii) reversible, upward shifts in preferred stimulus velocities (37%; 7/19). Substantial (≥20°) shifts in preferred orientation and/or substantial (≥20°) changes in width of orientation-tuning curves of area 19 neurons were however less common (26.5%; 4/15). In a series of experiments conducted earlier, inactivation of PTV also induced upward shifts in the preferred velocities of the ipsilateral cytoarchitectonic area 17 (V1) neurons responding optimally at low velocities. These upward shifts in preferred velocities of areas 19 and 17 neurons were often accompanied by substantial increases in DSIs. Thus, in both the primary visual cortex and the “intermediate” visual cortex (area 19), feedback from PTV plays a modulatory role in relation to stimulus velocity preferences and/or direction selectivity, that is, the properties which are usually believed to be determined by the inputs from the dorsal thalamus and/or feedforward inputs from the primary visual cortices. The apparent specialization of area 19 for processing information about stationary/slowly moving visual stimuli is at least partially determined, by the feedback from the higher-order pattern-processing visual area. Overall, the recurrent signals from the higher-order, pattern/form-processing visual cortex appear to play an important role in determining the magnitude of spike-responses and some “motion-related” receptive field properties of a substantial proportion of neurons in the intermediate form-processing visual area—area 19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing “Top-Down” Cortical Signals Affects Spike-Responses of Neurons in Cat’s “Intermediate” Visual Cortex

Huang

Wang

Dreher

2017

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…One is that the claustrum is divided into independent functional zones defined by cortical connections and that each zone then influences only its cortical partner. This view derives from anatomical and physiological studies of the visual claustrum of the cat (Olson and Graybiel, 1980; LeVay and Sherk, 1981a,b; Macchi et al, 1981; Sherk and Levay, 1981; Boyapati and Henry, 1985; LeVay, 1986; Updyke, 1993; Minciacchi et al, 1995; Pérez-Cerdá et al, 1996). There is a visuotopic map of the contralateral visual hemifield in the part of the claustrum connected with visual cortex (LeVay and Sherk, 1981a,b; Sherk and Levay, 1981).…”

Section: Theories Of the Function Of The Claustrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative organization of the claustrum: what does structure tell us about function?

Baizer¹,

Sherwood²,

Noonan³

et al. 2014

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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The claustrum is a subcortical nucleus present in all placental mammals. Many anatomical studies have shown that its inputs are predominantly from the cerebral cortex and its outputs are back to the cortex. This connectivity thus suggests that the claustrum serves to amplify or facilitate information processing in the cerebral cortex. The size and the complexity of the cerebral cortex varies dramatically across species. Some species have lissencephalic brains, with few cortical areas, while others have a greatly expanded cortex and many cortical areas. This evolutionary diversity in the cerebral cortex raises several questions about the claustrum. Does its volume expand in coordination with the expansion of cortex and does it acquire new functions related to the new cortical functions? Here we survey the organization of the claustrum in animals with large brains, including great apes and cetaceans. Our data suggest that the claustrum is not always a continuous structure. In monkeys and gorillas there are a few isolated islands of cells near the main body of the nucleus. In cetaceans, however, there are many isolated cell islands. These data suggest constraints on the possible function of the claustrum. Some authors propose that the claustrum has a more global role in perception or consciousness that requires intraclaustral integration of information. These theories postulate mechanisms like gap junctions between claustral cells or a “syncytium” to mediate intraclaustral processing. The presence of discontinuities in the structure of the claustrum, present but minimal in some primates, but dramatically clear in cetaceans, argues against the proposed mechanisms of intraclaustral processing of information. The best interpretation of function, then, is that each functional subdivision of the claustrum simply contributes to the function of its cortical partner.

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“…The best studied and best understood functional subdivision of the claustrum is the visual claustrum of the cat (Boyapati and Henry, 1985;LeVay, 1986;LeVay and Sherk, 1981a,b;Macchi et al, 1981;Minciacchi et al, 1995;Olson and Graybiel, 1980;Pérez-Cerdá et al, 1996;Sherk and LeVay, 1981;Updyke, 1993). A major and unanswered question is what does that feedback do?…”

Section: What Does the Claustrum Contribute To Information Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurochemical Organization of the Claustrum

Baizer

2014

The Claustrum

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Anatomical evidence for glutamate and/or aspartate as neurotransmitters in the geniculo-, claustro-, and cortico-cortical pathways to the cat striate cortex

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Silencing “Top-Down” Cortical Signals Affects Spike-Responses of Neurons in Cat’s “Intermediate” Visual Cortex

Silencing “Top-Down” Cortical Signals Affects Spike-Responses of Neurons in Cat’s “Intermediate” Visual Cortex

Comparative organization of the claustrum: what does structure tell us about function?

The Neurochemical Organization of the Claustrum

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