Anatomical Features and Ultrastructure of Deschampsia antarctica (Poaceae) Leaves from Different Growing Habitats

Giełwanowska, Irena; Szczuka, Ewa; Bednara, J.; Górecki, Ryszard J.

doi:10.1093/aob/mci262

Cited by 76 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It seems that salt-induced anatomical changes differed between plant species. For example, similarly to our data, Giełwanowska et al (2005) observed large IS and irregular mesophyll cells in Deschampsia antarctica plants grown in habitats exposed to high salinity and flooding. On the contrary, Arbutus unedo after 16 week-salt-treatment (52 and 105 mM NaCl) showed a reduction of mesophyll IS and an increase in cell size of the second layer of PM (Navarro et al, 2007).…”

Section: Leaf Anatomysupporting

confidence: 92%

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Gapińska¹,

Glińska²

2014

JCEA

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Five-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Perkoz grown in pots containing garden soil in a growth chamber were submitted to 50 or 150 mM NaCl for 1 h, 2 and 5 days. Tomato leaf anatomy generally did not change after short time salinity, except 5-day-treatment with 150 mM NaCl, where changed cell shape (shrunk and deformed) simultaneously with increased volume of intercellular spaces (IS) were observed. Although leaf hydration (H) depleted only 1 h after 150 mM NaCl treatment both salt concentrations generated two coexisting populations of saltaffected mesophyll cells: (i) slightly-affected (Sl-A) which showed incipient plasmolysis or slightly changed shapes, and (ii) severely-affected (Sv-A) which showed severe plasmolysis; serious deformation of cell shape or disorganization including cell degeneration. In Sl-A cells salinity changed location and shape of chloroplasts which were: more rounded, with oversized starch grains (SG) (2d) or more flat (5d). Salt-mediated changes were becoming more distinguished and pronounced with length of 150 mM NaCl treatment. The amount of salt-affected cells was changing during the experiment and depended on the salt concentration. In 50 mM-treated plants salt-affected cells appeared 1 h after treatment (~40%) and raised up to 78% on 2 nd day, however the population of Sl-A cells dominated. In 150 mM NaCl-treated plants the percentage of affected cells raised during the experiment from 75% to 99%. Firstly Sl-A cells dominated, but on the 5 th day the majority was Sv-A. Salt-affected cells were distributed quite evenly in palisade or spongy mesophyll, except 2 d after treatment with 50 mM NaCl, when their number was higher in the palisade mesophyll. Sv-A cells in the spongy mesophyll were located mostly near the bundle while in the palisade mesophyll more irregularly. Different susceptibility of cells to salt stress might be the consequence of an unequal distribution of osmotic stress and subsequent ionic stress or physiological state of cells.Keywords: leaf hydration, mesophyll cells, osmotic stress, plasmolysis, salt stress, tomato 219Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2014, 15(3), p.219-235 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/15.3.1478Streszczenie 5-tygodniowe rośliny pomidora (Lycopersicon esculentum) odm. Perkoz, które rosły w doniczkach z ziemią ogrodniczą w komorze hodowlanej zostały poddane działaniu NaCl o stężeniu 50 mM lub 150 mM przez okres 1 godz., 2 i 5 dni. Krótkotrwałe zasolenie nie wywołało zmian anatomicznych w liściach pomidora, za wyjątkiem zmian kształtu komórek (obkurczenie i deformacje) i towarzyszącemu im zwiększeniu powierzchni przestrzeni międzykomórkowych, co obserwowano po 5 dniach od traktowania roślin NaCl w stężeniu 150 mM. Pomimo, iż istotny spadek uwodnienia liści odnotowano jedynie po godzinie od podania 150 mM NaCl, oba zastosowane stężenia generowały powstawanie w mezofilu dwóch grup komórek: (i) lekko zmienionych (LZ) -w początkowych stadiach plazmolizy lub o delikatnie zmienionych kształtach oraz (ii) mocno zmienionych (MZ) -z za...

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Section: Leaf Anatomysupporting

confidence: 92%

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Gapińska¹,

Glińska²

2014

JCEA

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“…These outgrowths are reminiscent of the stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane (stromules) described in the tissues of higher plants (Kwok & Hanson, 2004 for a review). Plastid protrusions and ⁄ or stromules have been reported in response to abiotic stresses, for example salt stress in the grass Deschanmpsia antartica (Gielwanowska et al, 2005) and high temperatures in Arabidopsis (Holzinger et al, 2007).…”

Section: Mitochondria and Plastidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological insights into the desiccation biology of a model system: moss protonemata

Pressel

Duckett

2010

New Phytologist

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Summary• Set out here is the first generic account of the cytological effects of dehydration and rehydration and exogenous abscisic acid on moss protonemata.• Protonemal cells were subjected to slow and fast drying regimes, with and without prior exposure to abscisic acid. The cytological changes associated with deand rehydration were analysed by light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, together with pharmacological studies.• Protonemata survive slow but not fast drying, unless pretreated with abscisic acid. Dehydration elicits profound cytological changes, namely vacuolar fragmentation, reorganization of the endomembrane domains, changes in the thickness of the cell wall and in the morphology of plastids and mitochondria, and the controlled dismantling of the cytoskeleton; these dynamic events are prevented by fast drying. In control cells, abscisic acid elicits changes that partially mimic those associated with slow drying, including controlled disassembly of cytoskeletal elements, thus enabling protonemal cells to survive normally lethal rates of water loss.• Our demonstration that moss protonemata are an ideal system for visualizing and manipulating the cytological events associated with vegetative desiccation tolerance in land plants now opens up the way for genomic dissection of the underlying mechanisms.

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“…The soil and root samples, with ten replicates in each area, were collected from the rhizospheric region of Deschampsia antarctica Desv., an endemic species in this region, that occur from the coast of the island to the highest areas near the bare rock or in ice formations (Gielwanowska et al 2005, Gonçalves et al 2008.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Barbosa

Pereira

Cury

2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi make up an important ecological niche in ecosystems, and knowledge of their diversity in extreme environments is still incipient. The objective of this work was to evaluate the density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, Antarctica. For that, soil and roots of Deschampsia antarctica were collected at the brazilian research station in Antarctica. The spore density, species diversity and mycorrhizal colonization in the roots were evaluated. There was a low density of spores (27.4 ± 17.7) and root mycorrhizal colonization (6 ± 5.1%), which did not present statistical difference. Four species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were identified, distributed in two genera: three species of the genus Glomus (Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2 and Glomus sp3) and one of the genus Acaulospora, which was identified at species level (Acaulospora mellea). Greater soil diversity was verified with pH 5.9 and phosphorus concentration of 111 mg dm -3 , occurring two species of genus Glomus and A. mellea. Based on literature data, this may be the first record of this species of Acaulospora mellea in Antarctic soils, colonizing D. antarctica plants.

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Anatomical Features and Ultrastructure of Deschampsia antarctica (Poaceae) Leaves from Different Growing Habitats

Abstract: The anatomical and ultrastructural features of the leaf and their changes under stress conditions are considered in relation to the adaptations of D. antarctica to the climate conditions in the Maritime Antarctic.

Cited by 76 publications

References 31 publications

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Cytological insights into the desiccation biology of a model system: moss protonemata

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

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