Anatomical, Histological, and Electron Microscopic Structures of Syrinx in Male Budgerigars (<i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i>)

Abdel-Maksoud, Fatma M.; Hussein, Marwa M.; Hamdy, Amira; Ibrahim, Islam

doi:10.1017/s1431927620024460

“…24 Paired protrusions are classified into tracheosyringeal cartilages with a composition similar to the tympanum compared to the structure of the bronchosyringeal cartilages. 25 In a previous study involving male Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), the tympanum was composed of six elements, 26 meanwhile in this study the tympanum was only composed of three elements. Lovebird syrinx was found on the caudal side of the lower trachea and not yet connected to the trachea bifurcation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Methylene blue staining 18 Euthanasia was performed by injection of a lethal dose (LD50) of 99.5 mg/kg BW of ketamine intramuscularly then observed for 8-15 mins. 19 The dissection procedure was performed on the dorsal recumbency with a focus on the thoracic cavity and then the topography of the dorsal, ventral, and lateral site of the syrinx was observed.…”

Section: Fast Fourier Transform (Fft) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of syrinx morphometry and sound frequency association during the chirping period in lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri)

Dewi

¹

,

Dhamayanti

²

,

Fikri

³

et al. 2023

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Background: In the issue of biodiversity, the domestication of birds as pets and trade animals requires special attention as a conservation effort. Lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri) are popular birds worldwide, due to their varied ornamentation and melodic chirping sound. Syrinx structure is suspected to be the main source of sound production during the chirping period. This study aimed to investigate syrinx morphometry and its correlation with sound frequency produced in lovebirds. Methods: A total of 24 lovebirds of different ages and gender were investigated. Polymerase chain reaction method was performed to determine lovebird gender, meanwhile bird age was identified based on post-hatch recordings at the breeding farm. Thus, we enrolled male (n=12) and female (n=12) lovebirds aged 2 (n=4), 3 (n=4), and 4 (n=4) months in the investigation group, respectively. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed to evaluate sound frequency during chirping period. Then, syrinx morphometry was identified using a topographic approach and methylene blue staining. Each variable was evaluated with Image J software and vernier caliper. Results: Based on a topographical approach, we reported the general cartilage structure of the tracheosyringeal, bronchosyringeal, paired protrusions, tracheolateral muscles, sternotracheal muscles, and syringeal muscles in lovebird syrinx. In particular, the tympaniform membranes lateral lead a crucial role in modulating the frequency of male lovebirds more significantly (p=0,009) compared to female. On the other hand, the tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (p=0,02) and sinister (p=0,05) in females showed wider compared to male. We also reported a negative correlation between sound frequency compared to tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (y = -913,56x + 6770,8) and sinister (y = -706,16x + 5736). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the tympaniform membranes lateral produced the lovebirds’ primary sound. The sound frequency of male lovebirds was higher compared to female, however negatively correlated with the area of tympaniform membranes lateral.

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“…22 Paired protrusions are classified into tracheosyringeal cartilages with a composition similar to the tympanum compared to the structure of the bronchosyringeal cartilages. 23 In a previous study involving male Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), the tympanum was composed of six elements, 24 meanwhile in this study the tympanum was only composed of three elements. Lovebird syrinx was found on the caudal side of the lower trachea and not yet connected to the trachea bifurcation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Methylene blue staining 17 Euthanasia was performed by injection of a lethal dose (LD50) of 99.5 mg/kg BW of ketamine intramuscularly. 18 The dissection procedure was performed on the dorsal recumbency with a focus on the thoracic cavity and then the topography of the dorsal, ventral, and lateral site of the syrinx was observed.…”

Section: Fast Fourier Transform (Fft) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of syrinx morphometry and sound frequency correlation during the chirping period in lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri)

Dewi

¹

,

Dhamayanti

²

,

Fikri

³

et al. 2022

F1000Res

0

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Background: In the issue of biodiversity, the domestication of birds as pets and trade animals requires special attention as a conservation effort. Lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri) are popular birds worldwide, due to their varied ornamentation and melodic chirping sound. Syrinx structure is suspected to be the main source of sound production during the chirping period. This study aimed to investigate syrinx morphometry and its correlation with sound frequency produced in lovebirds. Methods: A total of 24 lovebirds of different ages and gender were investigated. Polymerase chain reaction method was performed to determine lovebird gender, meanwhile bird age was identified based on post-hatch recordings at the breeding farm. Thus, we enrolled male (n=12) and female (n=12) lovebirds aged 2 (n=4), 3 (n=4), and 4 (n=4) months in the investigation group, respectively. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed to evaluate sound frequency during chirping period. Then, syrinx morphometry was identified using a topographic approach and methylene blue staining. Each variable was evaluated with Image J software and vernier caliper. Results: Based on a topographical approach, we reported the general cartilage structure of the tracheosyringeal, bronchosyringeal, paired protrusions, tracheolateral muscles, sternotracheal muscles, and syringeal muscles in lovebird syrinx. In particular, the tympaniform membranes lateral lead a crucial role in modulating the frequency of male lovebirds more significantly (p=0,009) compared to female. On the other hand, the tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (p=0,02) and sinister (p=0,05) in females showed wider compared to male. We also reported a negative correlation between sound frequency compared to tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (y = -913,56x + 6770,8) and sinister (y = -706,16x + 5736). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the tympaniform membranes lateral produced the lovebirds’ primary sound. The sound frequency of male lovebirds was higher compared to female, however negatively correlated with the area of tympaniform membranes lateral.

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“…The fixed samples were preprocessed for paraffin sectioning as described by (Abdel‐Maksoud et al, 2020; Mostafa et al, 2022). Sections were deparaffinized in xylene and were hydrated in a descending series of ethanol concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations of the epididymis in donkeys (Equus asinus) with special reference to blood epididymal barrier

Abdel‐maksoud,

Zayed,

Abdelhafez

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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0

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The epididymis, a key component of the male reproductive system, controls spermatozoa's maturation, fertility, and storage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical variations in the epididymis of donkeys that occur throughout the year. During the breeding season (spring) and nonbreeding seasons (summer, autumn, and winter), 20 epididymis were collected from adult, clinically healthy donkeys. Compared to non‐breeding seasons, the epididymal duct displayed a more active lining epithelium and more sperm in the lumen during the breeding season. The epithelial height is the lowest and the lumen is the widest during the breeding season. Furthermore, the epididymal epithelium in the tail region exhibits undulations with polyps‐like projections. The epididymal epithelium is composed mainly of the principal, basal, and dark cells. Tight junction between adjacent principal cells is more obvious in the breeding season as compared to the non‐breeding seasons. However, intraepithelial lymphocytes, phagocytic, and other immune cells are more frequent in non‐breeding seasons. β‐catenin, which is a component of the adherent junctions between adjacent PCs, exhibits more immunoreactivity during the spring. On the other hand, iNOS, an indicator of oxidative stress, reacts positively during the summer. Additionally, during non‐breeding seasons, autophagy was detected within the epididymal epithelium which may be linked to stress adaptation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the epididymal epithelium are more active during spring compared to other seasons of the year.Research Highlights The study aimed to evaluate the histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical variations in the blood epididymal barrier (BEB) and epididymal epithelium of donkeys that occur throughout the year. In comparison to non‐breeding seasons, the epididymal duct displayed a more active lining epithelium and more sperm in the lumen during the breeding season. The epithelial height is the lowest and the lumen is the widest during the breeding season. The epididymal epithelium in the tail region exhibits undulations with polyps‐like projections that increase the surface area. β‐catenin, which is a component of the adherent junctions between adjacent PCs, exhibits more immunoreactivity during the spring. On the other hand, iNOS, an indicator of oxidative stress, reacts positively during the summer.

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Anatomical, Histological, and Electron Microscopic Structures of Syrinx in Male Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

An investigation of syrinx morphometry and sound frequency association during the chirping period in lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri)

An investigation of syrinx morphometry and sound frequency association during the chirping period in lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri)

An investigation of syrinx morphometry and sound frequency correlation during the chirping period in lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri)

Seasonal variations of the epididymis in donkeys (Equus asinus) with special reference to blood epididymal barrier

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