Anatomical, magnetic resonance imaging and histological findings in the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon of forelimbs in nonlame horses

Abstract

The large variability in the MRI appearance and size of the AL-DDFT in nonlame horses should be borne in mind when interpreting MR images of lame horses.

Anatomical transverse magnetic resonance imaging study of ligaments in palmar surface of metacarpus in Miniature donkey: identification of a new ligament

“…Other properties of the deep digital flexor muscle and its tendon in the Miniature donkey were similar to those in the horse [4,6,24,25]. Contrary to our results and some previous studies [4,6,24,25], Nagy and Dyson [23] reported fibrous bundles between the ICL and lateral aspect of SDFT and DDFT in the horse. According to their findings, the bundles were clearly separated from the flexor retinaculum.…”

“…According to their findings, the bundles were clearly separated from the flexor retinaculum. They notified no bundles were seen between ICL and the flexor retinaculum biaxially, or between the medial aspect of ICL and either the SDFT or the DDFT [23]. As mentioned in the results, we didn't find any of these connections in our anatomical our MRI findings.…”

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in the carpus and proximal metacarpal region of 50 lame horses

“…This may account for the much lower number of injuries of the SL and the ALDDFT in the current study. It is also possible that, based on the variability of the MRI appearance of the SL and the ALDDFT observed in nonlame horses (Nagy and Dyson 2009, 2011a,c), certain findings which were considered normal variation in our study may have been interpreted as abnormalities in the study by Brokken et al . (2007).…”

“…We have described the MRI appearance of the carpus and proximal metacarpal region in a cadaver study of 30 nonlame horses (Nagy and Dyson 2009, 2011a,b,c). Considerable variation in the MRI appearance of several structures was identified, including the suspensory ligament (SL) (Nagy and Dyson 2009, 2011c) and the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT) (Nagy and Dyson 2009, 2011a).…”

Time course of changes in the human Achilles tendon properties and metabolism during training and detraining in vivo

“…According to previous findings (Shalabi et al 2002;Yoon and Halper 2005), a change in MRI signal intensity indicated changes in tissue hydration, proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan content, and collagen fiber structure. In particular, changes in T 2 relaxation time (equivalent to MRI signal intensity) represented changes in the architecture of collagen fibers within the tissues (Du et al 2009;Erickson et al 1993;Nagy and Dyson 2011). To date, only a few reports have been published regarding changes in the MRI signal intensity of human tendons in vivo (Carroll et al 2008(Carroll et al , 2011.…”