Anatomical models manufactured with Styrofoam waste as a low-cost ecological tool for practical teaching of comparative anatomy

Abstract

New teaching tools can expand the pedagogical alternatives for teaching comparative anatomy. This study evaluated the potential of Styrofoam waste for the manufacture of viable didactic models to teach comparative anatomy. From a primary block, the sculpting was started with a knife or cutter. After this, the edges were removed with sandpaper until the final anatomical shape of the organ was obtained. The surface of the sculpture was then covered with paper soaked in an aqueous solution of white glue. After drying, a layer of resin was applied, followed by polishing to even out the surface. The models are finished with paint and waterproof sealant. Through the teaching prototypes, it was possible to enlarge naturally small organs and structures to larger dimensions that favor practical teaching. This facilitates the didactic approach to anatomical details unavailable in traditional specimens. In addition, its use minimizes the risks to human health from exposure to the toxic products used to preserve cadavers and contributes to preserving the environment. The effectiveness of injected resin models for teaching anatomy is already known, which makes the use of synthetic anatomical models a valid methodology, but they may have limitations in many countries due to their high cost and difficulty of access. Our proposal offers an effective, low-cost alternative for teaching comparative anatomy in practice. When combined with other techniques, Styrofoam waste proved to be viable for the manufacture of teaching prototypes.