Anatomical review of the lymph nodes of the human mediastinum

Caplan, Ian F.

doi:10.1007/bf02094120

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In 11 of our cases, it could be summarized as a triangular lymph node sheet corresponding to Hovelacque type five (Hovelacque, 1912). Caplan (1990) distinguished right and left bronchial groups in addition to the subcarinal group; this could correspond to the configuration that we encountered in three cases. Its dissection is often difficult, leading to leakage of the dye.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…These variations argue for tumor exeresis combined with a systematic radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy in surgery for nonsmall cell lung cancers, plus adjuvant treatment. The ITB group is composed of 4-6 lymph nodes, slightly fewer according to other authors (Rouvière, 1929;De Brito, 1964;Caplan, 1990). Rouvière (1929) reported a maximum of nine lymph nodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The ITB group is composed of 4–6 lymph nodes, slightly fewer according to other authors (Rouvière, ; De Brito, ; Caplan, ). Rouvière () reported a maximum of nine lymph nodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Variations in lung lymphatic drainage into the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes junction: Applications in lung cancer

Ndiaye

Dimarino²,

Ndiaye

et al. 2016

Clinical Anatomy

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The group of inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes (ITB) is a lymphatic junction through which the lymph from both lungs is carried. Lymphatic activity in this area can be used to assess the lymphatic spreading of lung cancers. Our aim was to quantify lymph drainage from the lung segments towards the ITB group and to determine the direction of the lymph flow into other mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. We injected dye directly into the subpleural lymphatic vessels in 100 lung segments of 25 fresh cadaver subjects; the cadavers were then dissected. Thirty-eight segments (38%) drained into the ITB group in 18 subjects. The drainage into the ITB group involved 15.6% of the upper lobe segments, 87.5% of the middle lobe segments, and 70.6% of the lower lobe segments in the right lung. On the left, 6.9% of the upper lobe segments and 83.3% of the lower lobe segments were drained into the ITB group. For three subjects, the dye did not pass beyond the ITB group. The efferent vessels of the ITB group drained towards the right paratracheal and tracheoesophageal chains in 12 subjects and through the left ascending recurrent chain in five subjects. For six subjects, the efferent channels reached the abdominal lymph nodes. A contralateral drainage involved 14 segments (36%). The size and variety of the segments that drain into the ITB group, coupled with the efferent contralateral mediastinal and abdominal pathways, account for the severity of metastasis to this area. Clin. Anat. 29:955-962, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Variations in lung lymphatic drainage into the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes junction: Applications in lung cancer

Ndiaye

Dimarino²,

Ndiaye

et al. 2016

Clinical Anatomy

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“…Both of the patients in our series had nodal metastasis in the lower mediastinum (LN 112-ao) at the initial operation, which was anatomically close to the site of recurrence, although preoperative imaging did not show any lymphadenopathy. Since there is close lymphatic communication among the posterior mediastinal nodes around the thoracic aorta, 16 it is supposed that cancer cells in a metastatic mediastinal node metastasized to the left side of the chest and thereafter developed into recurrence in our cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Solitary Nodal Recurrence in the Dorsal Area of the Thoracic Aorta After a Curative Resection of Esophageal Cancer: Report of Two Cases

et al. 2007

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Although locoregional recurrence is often observed in the cervicothoracic area even after an esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection (3FL), recurrence in the mediastinal lymph nodes is relatively rare. We experienced two cases of solitary recurrence in a posterior mediastinal node (No 112-ao) after a curative resection for thoracic esophageal cancer. The lymph node recurrence was located in the connective tissue adjacent to the left posterior wall of the thoracic aorta, and thus could not have been removed by the conventional approach of an esophagectomy through a right thoracotomy. These two patients underwent surgical removal of the tumor through left thoracotomy, and survived for 5 years and 1 year without recurrence, respectively. Because the rate of metastasis in this area appears to be low, it is not always necessary to perform complete nodal dissection of the left side of the descending aorta at the initial surgery in cases of thoracic esophageal cancer. However, our experience suggests the importance of periodic computed tomography scans to check for any nodal recurrence in this area, since a surgical resection may be effective when the recurrence is detected as a solitary metastasis.

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“…The lymph node size increased as function of coalescence due to previous granulomatous lesions, causing a decrease in the total number of lymph nodes. Mais modernamente, diversos autores (TRAPNELL, 1963;RODRIGUES GRANDE et al, 1983;LIEN & LUND, 1985;RIQUET et al, 1986;RIQUET et al, 1989;MURAKAMI et al;1990;RIQUET et al, 1994) interessaram-se pelo estudo dos canais linfáticos pulmonares por meio de injeções de contrastes radiológicos subpleurais para a determinação dos trajetos linfáticos até o mediastino. …”

Section: Sumáriounclassified

"Estudo anatômico da distribuição, tamanho e número dos linfonodos mediastinais em brasileiros adultos"

Junior¹,

Fernandes²

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Anatomical review of the lymph nodes of the human mediastinum

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Variations in lung lymphatic drainage into the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes junction: Applications in lung cancer

Variations in lung lymphatic drainage into the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes junction: Applications in lung cancer

Solitary Nodal Recurrence in the Dorsal Area of the Thoracic Aorta After a Curative Resection of Esophageal Cancer: Report of Two Cases

"Estudo anatômico da distribuição, tamanho e número dos linfonodos mediastinais em brasileiros adultos"

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