Anatomical structure and nutritive value of lupin seed coats

Abstract

Selection and breeding for yield and adaptation to environmental conditions often changes a number of characteristics of crops, and may influence the value of seed for animals. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of breeding and growing conditions on the structure and degradability of lupin seed coats. Breeding has had significant influences on both seed size and seed coat structure of lupins. For instance, cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius released in 1987 and 1988 tended to have smaller seeds with a thicker seed coat than those released in 1971 (P < 0.05). Selection for soft seeds has resulted in a reduction of seed coat thickness in L. angustifolius. Hardseeded and roughseeded lines of L. cosentinii had thicker coats (P < 0.05) than softseeded and smoothseeded, respectively. The main contributor to the thick seed coat of hardseeded lines was a layer of cells known as the hourglass layer, which is located between the outer palisade and inner parenchyma. Anatomical analysis revealed that the soft seed coat tended to have short and round cells, whereas the hard seed tended to have long cells in the palisade layer. Smooth seeds had round cells in the subpalisade, but rough seeds had long cells in this layer. Although the seed coats of lupins contained about 80% crude fibre, with L. cosentinii and L. pilosus having more fibre than L. angustifolius, the fibre in lupin seed coats was highly digestible by sheep.

The role of the testa during the establishment of physical dormancy in the pea seed

“…The testa gradually becomes impermeable during the later stages of seed maturation (Gillikin and Graham, 1991); the biochemical basis of this hardening varies among families and species. Testa thickness is influential (Miao et al, 2001), but is not the sole basis of impermeability (de Souza and Marcos-Filho, 2001), which is also affected by the testa's composition (Smýkal et al, 2014;Cechová et al, 2017;Hradilová et al, 2017). Cell wall thickness in the outer integuments varies throughout seed development (Verdier et al, 2013), along with the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds; oxidation products of the latter are thought to contribute to impermeability in both barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and pea (Pisum sativum) (Marbach and Mayer, 1974;Werker et al, 1979;Moïse et al, 2005), but also modifies permeability in Arabidopsis (Debeaujon et al, 2000).…”

Lupin seed coat as a promising food ingredient: physicochemical, nutritional, antioxidant properties, and effect of genotype and environment

“…However, except PBA Jurien and PBA Gunyidi, IDF, SDF and TDF of ASL seed coats from the two sites were similar ( P > 0.05). In contrast, high content of fibre was found in the seed coat of wild lupins and lupins grown in dry conditions (Miao et al , ).…”

Seed emergence and growth of the short age sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) as a response of seed scarification and liquid organic fertilizer application

“…As a result, the position of palm fruits in one bunch was not uniform ripening. According to Miao et al (2001 sugar palm seeds obtained by picking the old fruit which characterized by yellow-rind, do not guarantee the maturity level homogeneity. The various maturity levels of palm fruits became one factor causing the palm seed took a long time to germinate and show low percentage value of germination.…”