Anatomical Studies of Juniperus Communis L. Ssp. Communis and J. Communis L. Ssp. Nana Syme

Miller, H. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1974.tb00923.x

Cited by 2 publications

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“…(1987) found little difference in volatile distillates. Miller (1974) suggested that the two subspecies can be differentiated by wood anatomy, specifically average and maximum tracheid lengths and distribution of ray height frequencies, but again there is some overlap. In the light of these uncertainties, Adams (2004) relegated all these subspecies to varieties; in this account, however, we follow Flora Europaea in referring them to subspecies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

2007

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Summary1. This account reviews information on all aspects of the biology of Juniperus communis that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles : distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Juniperus communis (juniper) is an evergreen dioecious gymnosperm shrub with two main population centres in Britain, one on chalk downlands of southern England and the other in northern England and Scotland. British populations are divided into two main subspecies although there is overlap in genetic and morphological features. Subspecies communis varies from a spreading shrub to an erect tree characteristic of calcareous soils in southern England, various soils in the Scottish highlands, while ssp. nana is a small procumbent shrub, restricted to well-drained bogs and, more usually, rocky outcrops, generally as a minor component of upland heaths and montane scrub. Both subspecies are drought and frost tolerant, although sensitive to fire. A third subspecies, hemisphaerica , primarily found in mountains of southern Europe has two small populations on maritime cliffs in the UK. 3. Although not very palatable, J. communis is grazed by small and large mammals when food is short, particularly in winter. Its low palatability is derived from oils found in the needles, cones and wood, dominated by monoterpenes. These have been extensively used in folklore medicine and to flavour alcoholic drinks, and are being investigated for new medicinal uses. 4. Juniperus communis ssp. communis is a characteristic light-demanding invader of pasture but has declined due to agricultural expansion, erosion, overgrazing, fire and poor regeneration, such that it is now rare and threatened across lowland/southern Europe. Although susceptible to overgrazing, some grazing can be beneficial to create the open sward necessary for seedling establishment. Other limits to regeneration are: progressively ageing stands in which male plants predominate; increasing fragmentation of stands that reduces pollination efficacy; and high seed dormancy with consequent variable germinability.Key-words : climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soilsJournal of Ecology (2007) 95 , 1404-1440 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01308.x *Abbreviated references are used for many standard works: see Journal of Ecology (1975), 63 , 335 -344. Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Flora Europaea and, where different, Stace (1997). †Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: P. A. Thomas. E-mail: p.a.thomas@biol.keele.ac.uk. Pinopsida (Coniferae), Cupressaceae. The junipers are a taxonomically difficult group, composed of about 68-80 s...

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Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

2007

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“…Anillos de crecimiento.-Diferenciados (Hartig 1890; Penhallow 1896Stone 1904;Jones 1924;Greguss 1944Greguss -7 [1948Miller 1974Miller , 1975Grosser 1977;Parsa Pajouh y Schweingruber 1985;Schweingruber 1990; uniseriados, ocasionalmente biseriados en parte (Penhallow 1896;Miller 1974Miller , 1975Grosser 1977;Carvalho 1996;. De altura comprendida entre 1 y 15 células (Piccioli 1906;Grosser 1977;Benkova y Schweingruber 2004), descrita también entre 1 y 5 (Greguss 1944(Greguss -7 [1948Grosser 1977;Parsa Pajouh y Schweingruber 1985;Carvalho 1996;, generalmente entre 1 y 10 Schweingruber 1978;Benkova y Schweingruber 2004), con máximo citado de 20 (Piccioli 1906;) e incluso hasta 33 células .…”

Section: Anatomía De La Madera Revisiónunclassified

Anatomía comparada de la madera de Cupressaceae y su correspondencia con los estudios de filogenia

Jordán¹

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Anatomical Studies of Juniperus Communis L. Ssp. Communis and J. Communis L. Ssp. Nana Syme

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

Anatomía comparada de la madera de Cupressaceae y su correspondencia con los estudios de filogenia

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