Anatomical study of phrenic nerve using ultrasound

Abstract

Knowledge of the nerve's precise location, which may demonstrate individual variations, may have useful clinical applications.

An anatomical study of the full-length phrenic nerve and its blood supply: clinical implications for endoscopic dissection

“…Standard textbooks and relevant literature have offered detailed anatomic descriptions of the cervical part of the phrenic nerve (Standring 2004;Prakash et al 2007;Banneheka 2008;Canella et al 2010;Paraskevas et al 2011); however, there has been little anatomic literature on the thoracic part of the phrenic nerve and its precise relationship with the adjacent structures, which is especially Fig. 2 Trajectory of the phrenic nerve, its arterial blood supply and correlation with adjacent anatomical structures in the right thoracic cavity.…”

Minimum Effective Volume of Local Anesthetic for Shoulder Analgesia by Ultrasound-Guided Block at Root C7 With Assessment of Pulmonary Function

“…The phrenic nerve was visualized using the technique described by Kessler et al 11 and the US landmarks as described by Canella et al 12 The US images were made before; at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 mins after block; and at 1 and 2 hrs after completion of surgery. The images were assessed for spread of local anesthetic to the phrenic nerve and/or the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle.…”

Preliminary study of the types of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries by ultrasound

“…The Seddon [2] and Sunderland [3] classifications are widely used for describing the potential extent of nerve injury. With the advances in ultrasound (US) technology, US has already been established as an effective tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of peripheral nerve disorders [4][5][6][7]. In traumatic peripheral nerve injuries, US can reveal the discontinuity of the nerve, perilesional scar tissue, and presence of a neuroma [4,8].…”