Anatomical study of the lacrimal apparatus of the one-humped camel

Tagging studies of the Red fox Vulpes vulpes in north‐east Ireland

“…In all these species the large majority of foetuses were found in the right uterine horn but both ovaries were active, although in the lechwe there were a significantly greater number of corpora lutea in the left ovary. In the camel (Camelus dromedarius L.) Abdalla (1966) states that the foetus is usually found in the left horn of the uterus although the number of specimens examined is not stated. In the Uganda kob the uterus of virgin females, female fawns and even female foetuses of sufficient size, was found to be asymmetrical and it was suggested that this was genetically determined (Buechner, Morrison & Leuthold, 1966).…”

Reference values and repeatability of the Schirmer tear tests I and II in domesticated, clinically normal dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

“…The nasolacrimal apparatus of the camel consists of a simple lacrimal sac and paired canaliculi with small dorsal and ventral puncta. Previous studies have reported that the puncta lacrimalis in dromedary camels are remarkably small or absent . It seems that the very small‐sized puncta lacrimalis causes excess tears to escape by flowing over the lower eyelid…”

“…For this reason, studying tear production in the camel would add important information to the field of comparative ophthalmology. The lacrimal gland in the camel is small when compared with the animal's size, and its excretory ducts (afferent lacrimal ducts) are few in number (3–4) with wide openings . In contrast to other domestic animals, the lacrimal puncta are very small or absent in camels .…”

“…The lacrimal gland in the camel is small when compared with the animal's size, and its excretory ducts (afferent lacrimal ducts) are few in number (3–4) with wide openings . In contrast to other domestic animals, the lacrimal puncta are very small or absent in camels . These unusual features motivated the authors to test tear production in the dromedary camel and compare the results with those recorded in other animals.…”

Bilateral nasolacrimal duct atresia in a cria

“…Dacryocystorhinography (DCRG) has been used in numerous species including camelids. 2,50,51 Other modalities used to evaluate the lacrimal outflow system include endoscopy, 41,52 ultrasound, 31 scintigraphy, 53 computed tomography (CT) 34,[54][55][56] and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 34 Surgical procedures used for establishing alternative outflow include canaliculorhinostomy, 35 canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy, 57 external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), 58 endoscopic laser DCR, 59 dacryocystomaxillorhinostomy, 54,60 CRH, 14,61-64 CMS, 14,33 and conjunctivobuccostomy.…”