Anatomical study of the valves of the superficial veins of the forearm

Shima, Harunobu; Ohno, Kohsuke; Shimizu, Toshiyuki; Michi, Ken‐ichi; Egawa, Kaoru; Takiguchi, Reiji

doi:10.1016/s1010-5182(05)80401-9

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, when redistribution of total BF occurs during passive heating, the increases in SkBF mainly passes through the superficial veins not deep veins. In addition, the basilic vein is the largest of these main conduit veins (Shima et al 1992(Shima et al , 1996. Thus, the increase in BF in the brachial artery with a rise in internal temperature occurred via the skin in the forearm and passed through the basilic vein of the upper arm, so that the outflow to the basilic vein was suggested to increase in parallel to the inflow of the brachial artery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in blood flow in a conduit artery and superficial vein of the upper arm during passive heating in humans

et al. 2007

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The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate changes in blood flow in the brachial artery and basilic vein of the upper arm with a rise in internal temperature during passive heating; and (2) to investigate the contributions of blood velocity and anteroposterior vessel diameter to these blood flow changes. Ten subjects rested in the supine position between a pair of tube-lined sheets. Thermoneutral water was circulated through the tubes to keep a mean skin temperature (Tsk) of 34-35 degrees C, and then hot water was circulated to maintain Tsk of 37-38 degrees C. The blood velocity and diameter in the brachial artery and basilic vein were continuously monitored by Doppler ultrasound technique and used to calculate blood flow. Blood flow in the brachial artery and basilic vein increased linearly as the oral temperature (T(or)) rose by < or =0.6 degrees C. The magnitude of the change in blood flow did not differ significantly between the two vessels. In addition, plots of DeltaT(or) versus blood flow yielded slopes that did not differ significantly between the brachial artery and the basilic vein. As T (or) increased, blood velocity, but not diameter, also increased. In conclusion, blood flow in the brachial artery and the basilic vein increased linearly as the internal temperature variable T (or) increased < or =0.6 degrees C. In both vessels, the passive heating-induced increases in blood flow resulted primarily from a change in blood velocity, rather than from a change in diameter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in blood flow in a conduit artery and superficial vein of the upper arm during passive heating in humans

et al. 2007

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“…They are thus approximations, the first of the average maximum diameter, the second of the maximum volume of the veins: they have been calculated considering that the vein is dilated so that its cross section is circular and its volume fits in a truncated cone. Some authors have used other approximations considering that the cross section of the veins is elliptical: they measure the radius of the major and minor axes of this ellipse (Shima et al., ). Their measurements try to take account of the usual shape of the veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The venous valves enable fluid to circulate in one direction only towards the heart and from the superficial veins of limb to the deep veins through anastomosis or perforating veins that normally drain blood from superficial to depth (Shepherd and Vanhoutte, ; Pang, ; Winokur and Khilnani, ). Preliminary studies in human medicine have shown that the majority of the venous valves are bicuspid, and are rarely tricuspid (Harmon and Edwards, ; Shima et al., ; Aharinejad et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous Valvular Distribution in the Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs of the Horse

Harfoush

Guintard

Desfontis

et al. 2015

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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Dysfunction of venous valves can lead to hemodynamic disorders causing venous stasis, which would favour the occurrence of equine laminitis. However, very few studies have investigated venous valves in the horse digit. The purpose of this study was to compare valvular density between thoracic and pelvic limbs and to study the relationship between valvular density of veins and their location, diameter and wall thickness. After dissection, valvular density was calculated based on the number of valves counted in the principal veins of 7 thoracic and 7 pelvic limbs from 7 horses. Our results showed that the valvular density was higher in thoracic limbs, which probably reflects the adaptation to the consequences of hydrostatic pressure. The superficial veins have a higher valvular density that would prevent the varicose risk in the horse. The lower valvular density in the thick veins can be explained by the high density of the smooth muscular cells contained, which would cause an important vasoconstriction via the sympathetic nervous system. The veins with a large diameter also have a lower valvular density; these veins are not exposed to important changes in hydrostatic pressure. Other valvular characteristics may also be involved in the vascular disorders that may be related to the pathophysiology of laminitis.

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“…So we can confirm the findings of Kiray et al 3 We found 29 of the 30 left subclavian veins (96.7%) had one valve and the 30th vein had two valves. Bleicher and Weber, 20 Ogo, 21 Nemoto, 22 and Shima et al 23 reported that the intervalvular distance was not constant and that there were valves distal to the orifices of the venous roots. 24 From our investigations, we can easily reaffirm that the distance between the valves in the subclavian and axillary veins is not constant; quite the contrary, the intervalvular distance is almost always different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position of valves within the subclavian and axillary veins

Celepci

Brenner

2011

Journal of Vascular Surgery

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All of the axillary and subclavian veins in our specimens possessed at least one valve. All the valves in the subclavian veins were concentrated to the proximal half, resulting in a valveless distal half. The subclavian vein rarely had a second valve. The valves in the axillary veins were located in the distal half, resulting in a valveless proximal half. The axillary vein can have one to four valves. No relation was evident between the frequency of the valves and the age of the donors when they died. Many other factors may influence the frequency of the valves in the axillary vein.

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Anatomical study of the valves of the superficial veins of the forearm

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Changes in blood flow in a conduit artery and superficial vein of the upper arm during passive heating in humans

Changes in blood flow in a conduit artery and superficial vein of the upper arm during passive heating in humans

Venous Valvular Distribution in the Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs of the Horse

Position of valves within the subclavian and axillary veins

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