Anatomical variant of large mediastinal veins: Incidental findings on MDCT chest

Ali, Tamer F. Taha; Ghareep, Abdel-Naser

doi:10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.11.011

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the present study, the prevalence of normal variations of the SVC in the adult Thai population was similar to the range proposed by previous publications (1,3,13,14). Duplicated SVC was the only variation observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A similar prevalence was observed for the rare azygos lobe variant (Fig. 5), which is less than the previously reported at 0.4%–1% in other studies (1,13).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Embryologically, the azygos vein forms from the right posterior cardinal vein (inferiorly) and the right supracardinal vein (superiorly), while the left supracardinal vein forms the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins (13). The azygos vein is formed mostly at the 12th thoracic vertebra by the union of the ascending lumbar and right subcostal veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These variations are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally in patients undergoing imaging for associated chest, cardiac abnormalities, or other indications. However, recognition of these anomalies is important to avoid image misinterpretation and to prevent misdiagnosis (2). Moreover, awareness of normal variations to the systemic venous system is necessary as they may increase the difficulty of invasive cardiothoracic procedures, and without identification may lead to inadvertent complications, including hemorrhage and arrythmias (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal variations of the superior vena cava and azygos venous system depiction by CT scan in the adult Thai population

et al. 2023

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Background Identification of normal variations to the thoracic central venous system anatomy is essential in radiological intervention and cardiothoracic surgery to prevent complications. Purpose To estimate the prevalence and pattern of normal variations of superior vena cava (SVC) and azygos venous system as well as factors associated with normal variations of SVC. Material and Methods Venous-phase chest CT of 1336 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Age, sex, and underlying disease were recorded. SVC diameter and cross-sectional area were measured to evaluate for associations with normal variations. Results The prevalence of normal anatomical variations of SVC and azygos venous system were 0.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Duplicated SVC was the most common variations. The most common variation for the azygos venous system was the connection between the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins draining into the left brachiocephalic vein (12/1336 cases, 0.9%). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) cross-sectional area compared between normal SVC (297.2 mm2) and duplicated SVC (223.5 mm2) showed a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.033). Conclusion This study determined the prevalence of rare normal variations of the azygos venous system, a connection between the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins draining into the left brachiocephalic vein. The prevalence of normal variations of the SVC and azygos venous system in the adult Thai population was similar with that of previous publications. Cross-sectional area was the only factor with a significant association with SVC variations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A similar prevalence was observed for the rare azygos lobe variant (Fig. 5), which is less than the previously reported at 0.4%–1% in other studies (1,13).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal variations of the superior vena cava and azygos venous system depiction by CT scan in the adult Thai population

et al. 2023

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“…The cardinal veins include the anterior cardinal vein (which drains the cephalic portion of the body) and the posterior cardinal vein (which drains the rest of the embryo); these join on each side to form the common cardinal vein before entering the venous sinus. 15 The nonregression of the left anterior cardinal vein leads to a duplication of the SVC 16 ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Superior Vena Cava Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic Vascular Variants and Anomalies: Imaging Findings, Review of the Embryology, and Clinical Features

Orozco

Ricardo²,

Carlos

et al. 2022

Indian J Radiol Imaging

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Thoracic vascular malformations are a set of complex congenital abnormalities that result in major alterations of the patient's anatomy. It can be discovered incidentally or the anomalies may generate heart failure with a right-to-left shunt, dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, cough, recurrent bronchopulmonary infections, hypoxemia, paradoxical emboli, and occasionally apneas and massive hemothorax.The knowledge of the embryology, and the normal development of the vascular structures of the thorax, allows to understand these abnormalities—and thus helps in making an accurate diagnosis—with its possible complications, symptoms, and treatments for the patient. The following is a review of the most common thoracic vascular malformations and their imaging findings.

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Anatomical variant of large mediastinal veins: Incidental findings on MDCT chest

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Normal variations of the superior vena cava and azygos venous system depiction by CT scan in the adult Thai population

Normal variations of the superior vena cava and azygos venous system depiction by CT scan in the adult Thai population

Thoracic Vascular Variants and Anomalies: Imaging Findings, Review of the Embryology, and Clinical Features

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