Anatomical variations: How do surgical and radiology training programs teach and assess them in their training curricula?

Raikos, Athanasios; Smith, Janie Dade

doi:10.1002/ca.22560

Cited by 29 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The majority of Canadian and Australian trainees surveyed (55%) felt specialty training curricula did not suggest specific anatomical variation for their learning and most trainers believed more teaching about anatomical variations would be beneficial. 15 The creation of a virtual anatomy museum could address the lack of exposure to anatomical variations. 16 Alternatively, physical 17,18 or virtual 19 simulation models could include anatomical variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Langer’s arch: A rare but important consideration for axillary surgery with implications for training

2020

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Knowledge of anatomical variations in the axillary region is important, as these may be encountered during procedures for breast cancer as well as in reconstructive and vascular surgery. Langer's arch (LA) is an example of an anatomical aberration in the axilla with important surgical implications. 1 Carl Ritter von Edenberg von Langer provided an accurate account of its structure in 1846. 2 In general, it arises as a muscular bundle or tendinous band from latissimus dorsi and inserts into structures around the anterosuperior part of the humerus, crossing the axillary neurovascular bundle from dorsomedial to ventrolateral 3 (Figure 1). A recent meta-analysis estimates an overall prevalence of 5.3%, but the average surgical prevalence was 2.1%. 4 The discrepancy between anatomical and clinical incidence may be attributed to lack of recognition and/or under-reporting in the surgical setting. Inability to recognize this anomaly may cause disorientation during axillary dissection, resulting in inadequate clearance, with implications for regional disease recurrence and inaccurate staging. However, if identified, LA can be safely divided intra-operatively in order to clarify important anatomical landmarks and facilitate adequate dissection. We present a case to highlight the confusion it can cause during ALND. With indications for ALND decreasing, curtailing operative caseload, surgeons are less likely to encounter this anatomical anomaly during training. Improving knowledge and understanding of LA are important to ensure breast surgeons' preparedness for axillary surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Langer’s arch: A rare but important consideration for axillary surgery with implications for training

2020

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“…We would like to underline the importance for respiratory physicians to be aware of the anatomical variations and abnormalities that are encountered in everyday clinical practice in order to be able to early recognize them. The importance of having in mind the anatomical variations has become more and more evident during the pre-operative assessment when undergoing surgery [5]. However, such abnormalities are often underestimated.…”

Section: The Significance Of Clinical Awareness Of Anatomical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Clinical Awareness of Anatomical Variations

Tomos

Raptakis

Economopoulos

et al. 2019

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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“…59 Most educational leaders of surgical and radiology residency programs in Canada and Australia report that resident doctors would benefit from increased instruction in anatomical variations during undergraduate medical education. 2 Willan and Humpherson have argued that content related to anatomical variation should be included early in undergraduate medical education, with the anatomy laboratory designated as the ideal venue for learning. 60 Although we were unable to directly integrate the teaching of anatomical variants into existing courses and dissection laboratories (because of curricular restraints), our approach enabled students to access in depth content in an online catalog that included images and videos of well-dissected specimens.…”

Section: From Vesalius In De Humani Corporis Fabrica To Bergman In Himentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Academic journals and specialty texts focused on anatomical variations exist, but collections of clinically important variations per medical specialty do not. 2 Muscle variants are relevant to the chiropractic profession for several reasons: they may be encountered during physical examination or through medical imaging, muscle variants can alter surface anatomy landmarks or mimic soft tissue masses, and their presence may lead to or complicate clinical conditions. The proper diagnosis and treatment of a patient may rely on the chiropractor's understanding of a specific muscular anomaly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An online catalog of muscle variants: Student perceptions of a new opportunity for self-directed learning

Bale¹,

Herrin²,

Brandt³

et al. 2018

Journal of Chiropractic Education

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Objective: Muscle variants are common findings in dissection laboratories. These anomalous structures can be relevant in the diagnosis and management of certain conditions and therefore could be incorporated into anatomy curricula at chiropractic colleges. We aimed to create an online resource of muscle variants to facilitate student self-directed learning within this area of study. Methods: At the time of their discovery during routine educational dissection, muscle variants included in the catalog were documented and subsequent case reports written. All content created for this resource, including photographs and videos, was hosted on the institution's learning management system. Students enrolled in our doctor of chiropractic program were invited to view the catalog and encouraged to leave feedback by completing an online survey. Results: Student responses to Likert-style survey questions generally indicated high levels of satisfaction regarding the utility and features of the catalog. Open-ended and Likert-style survey questions were used to help guide the future directions of this developing resource. Concurrent anatomy students were not more likely to contribute to the catalog compared to students who had previously completed the university's anatomy course series (p ¼ .75, 2-tailed Fisher exact test). Conclusion: An online supplement to graduate-level gross anatomy courses can aid in the instruction of muscle variants by providing an opportunity for student self-directed learning. This resource will be updated continually and will be expanded on to include neurovascular and visceral variants. Student participation will be sought in developing future content to be included in this catalog.

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Anatomical variations: How do surgical and radiology training programs teach and assess them in their training curricula?

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Langer’s arch: A rare but important consideration for axillary surgery with implications for training

Langer’s arch: A rare but important consideration for axillary surgery with implications for training

The Significance of Clinical Awareness of Anatomical Variations

An online catalog of muscle variants: Student perceptions of a new opportunity for self-directed learning

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