Anatomical Variations of the Extensor Tendons to the Fingers over the Dorsum of the Hand: A Study of 50 Hands and a Review of the Literature

Zilber, S.; Oberlin, C.

doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000091163.86851.9c

Cited by 76 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study it was present in all the specimens, but was single in 45.7% and doubled in 54.3% of specimens. A tendon slip from the extensor digiti minimi to the ring finger was observed in one hand was reported by Zilber & Oberlin [9]. Mehta V et al [16] reported that a case of accessory tendon of EDM merging proximally with extensor carpi ulnaris.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Satya Prasad Venugopal [8] reported 2 tendons of EI bilaterally. Extensor indicis was absent in both hands of one cadaver was reported by Zilber & Oberlin [9]. Extensor indicis permit independent extension of index finger and in most commonly used in tendon transfer [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be doubled or tripled and more commonly seen in index or middle finger. Zilber & Oberlin [9] stated that the extensor digitorum communis provided one tendon to the index finger, one to the middle finger, two to the ring finger, and none to the little finger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

N¹

2017

IJAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Study of extensor tendons in forearm, dorsum of hand and their intertendinous connections was conducted in 70 upper limbs (35 right and 35 left) from Govt. Thoothukudi Medical College, Tamilnadu, India. Variations in the extensor tendons of fingers, both proximal and distal to the extensor retinaculum were analyzed. The arrangement of extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons were traced up to base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion at the level of proximal as well as base of phalanx, they were found to be single or doubled. Extensor indicis were single tendon in most of the specimens. The extensor digitorum gave off single tendon to the index finger, double tendons to the middle finger and triple tendons to the ring finger. The extensor digiti minimi often had single or double tendon to the little finger distal to extensor retinaculum, in those cases contribution from the extensor digitorum tendon slip to the little finger were absent. Three types of juncturae tendinum were identified between the tendons of extensor digitorum in the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th inter metacarpal spaces of hands. The extensor indicis tendon was always observed to lack juncturae tendinum. Type I juncturae tendinum was seen in the 1 st inter metacarpal space. Type II was seen in the 3 rd intermetacarpal space. Type III was identified in the 4 th intermetacarpal space. Knowledge of these variations may help surgeons while performing tendon repair or transfer. Surgeons should keep in mind about the existence of these variations for better diagnosis and reconstructive procedures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

N¹

2017

IJAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,[4][5][6][7][8]10 According to Abu-Hijleh, "No clinical or surgical cases of such occurrence have been reported and therefore it is doubtful whether an accurate estimate of the prevalence of EDM can be made." 2 However, Pfeiffer 11 discovered an EDM while operating on the hand of a 28-year-old patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

Carlos

Goubran

Ayad

2011

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This study reports the presence of the extensor digiti medii muscle (EDM) in a population of cadavers dissected by students at a chiropractic college anatomy laboratory and determines its frequency, bilaterality, innervation, and sex differences. Methods: Dissection of upper extremities of 47 human cadavers (24 males, 23 females) was conducted. Both upper extremities were examined for bilaterality. The long extensor tendons were exposed, separated, and cut to expose the EDM. Identifying the innervation of the variant muscle was attempted. The specimens were then photographed. Results: In this report, the prevalence of EDM is at 7.4%. The EDM was discovered in 5 male cadavers and 1 female cadaver (5:1 ratio). It also revealed that the EDM was prevalent on the left forearm than on the right forearm at a ratio of 5:2. Out of the 47 cadavers studied in this report, only one was observed to have EDM bilaterally (2.1%). In 2 cadavers, the EDM appeared to be supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve. The branch piercing through the extensor indicis muscle continued to give off a small branch entering the belly of the EDM. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this report support previous observations regarding its prevalence in males more than females. The report also shows that the EDM occurs more in the left forearm than the right forearm as opposed to other reports of equal incidence between left and right forearms. This report also supports one previous study showing that the posterior interosseous nerve innervates the EDM.

show abstract

“…Other anatomic variants of the EIP include absence, duplication, or with anomalous insertions to the thumb, the ring finger, or, more often, the middle finger [25]. The incidence of EIP absence was reported around 1-4 % in a literature review [7,18,27]. In the setting of anomalous anatomy that precludes EIP transfer, we may use an PL tendon transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Spontaneous Rupture of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon: Eight Cases without Identifiable Predisposing Factor

Fufa

Hsu

et al. 2015

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon has been reported in the setting of distal radius fracture, chronic inflammatory arthritis, following steroid injection, and with excessive or repetitive activities. Truly, spontaneous EPL rupture, without an identifiable predisposing factor, has rarely been reported. Methods We present a retrospective case series of eight patients with spontaneous EPL rupture who were treated in our institution. Results The majority of the cases were female (75 %, n=6), and the nondominant (75 %, n=6) hand was most commonly involved. No identifiable predisposing factor could be identified in four patients. While four patients reported a history of a fall, radiographs failed to demonstrate skeletal abnormality in all four cases. No additional pathology could be identified at the time of surgery. Patients were treated using tendon transfer (n=7) or interpositional graft (n=1). There has been no case of clinical recurrence in the mean of 74.8 months (range 23-140 months) follow-up period. ConclusionThe EPL tendon is at risk for spontaneous rupture even in the absence of identifiable predisposing risk factor. Rather than pure mechanical irritation, vascular and metabolic factors may also play a substantial role in the etiology of this uncommon diagnosis.

show abstract

Anatomical Variations of the Extensor Tendons to the Fingers over the Dorsum of the Hand: A Study of 50 Hands and a Review of the Literature

Cited by 76 publications

References 10 publications

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

The presence of extensor digiti medii muscle—anatomical variant

Revisiting Spontaneous Rupture of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon: Eight Cases without Identifiable Predisposing Factor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About