Anatomical Variations of the Supraorbital and Supratrochlear Nerves: Their Intraorbital Course and Relation to the Supraorbital Margin

Abstract

Background This study aimed to describe the topographical anatomy of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves. Anatomical variations of both the intraorbital course of the 2 nerves and their relation to the supraorbital margin were analyzed. Material/Methods The research material involved 50 isolated adult cadaveric hemi-heads and 25 macerated adult skulls. All studied specimens were of Caucasian origin. Results Taking into account the location of the frontal nerve division, 2 main variants of the intraorbital course of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves were distinguished. The first variant (variant I, 42%) involved cases in which the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves branched off from the frontal nerve in the distal half of the length of the orbit. In the second variant (variant II, 58%), the frontal nerve branched into the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves in the proximal half of the orbit. Variant II was characterized by the presence of a thick supraorbital nerve and a long, tiny supratrochlear nerve. For variant I, 27.8% of the supraorbital nerves were divided into the medial and lateral branch within the orbit, whereas, for variant II, 75% of nerves were divided into the medial and lateral branch within the orbit (before crossing the supraorbital margin). Single passage was observed on the supraorbital margin in 80% of wet specimens and in 78% of orbits examined on the macerated skulls. Conclusions Both the intraorbital and extraorbital course of the branches of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves were highly diverse. These variations should be taken into account during medical procedures performed within the orbital and frontal regions.

Development of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in an Immunocompetent Pediatric Patient Following Facial Trauma

“…The trauma and ensuing inflammation occurred in close proximity to the supratrochlear notch and supraorbital foramen, where branches of the frontal nerve-which itself is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve-exit the skull and provide sensory innervation to the skin of the upper eyelid, forehead, and anterior scalp. 7 Thus, it is possible that traumatic stimulation of these nerves may have triggered the patient's vesicular rash over the analogous dermatome.…”

“…Although a rare diagnosis in an otherwise healthy pediatric patient, this entity may occur with increasing frequency among those with preceding trauma, particularly in the month M yiasis is a parasitic infection by fly larvae most commonly afflicting existing wounds. Multiple methods have been described to treat this condition in the periorbita: surgical debridement, 1,2 irrigation, 3 systemic antiparasitic therapy, 4 topical cleansers, 5 asphyxiation, 6,7 and clinical observation until selfresolution. Direct maggot removal with forceps can be painful for the patient and is time-consuming, especially when there is massive disease burden.…”

Comparison of the Superior and Inferior Rectus Muscles in Humans: An Anatomical Study with Notes on Morphology, Anatomical Variations, and Intramuscular Innervation Patterns

“…First, we obtained the local bioethics committee's approval for the study, which was conducted on 70 (32 left and 38 right) cadaveric hemiheads. The bony dissections were performed using protocols described previously [19][20][21][22][23]. The roof and a large part of the orbit's lateral wall were removed on both sides using a Luer bone rongeur and bone chisel.…”

Anatomical considerations of cutaneous nerves of scalp for an effective anesthetic blockade for procedures on the scalp

“…[14] Anatomical variations of peripheral nerves among populations have been well described. [15] The anatomy of scalp nerves varies widely with age (pediatric vs. adult population) among individuals of the same race and within the same individual bilaterally [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and has not been studied extensively. These variations are also implicated in chronic headaches.…”