Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte

Gans, Oscar

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-91587-1_1

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Both gross-scale and microarchitectural components of skeletal muscle contribute to its contractile properties. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers, or fascicles, which are themselves individually composed of serially arranged sarcomeres: the contractile units of muscle (Gans, 1982;Gans & Bock, 1965;Lieber, 1986;Powell et al, 1984). As sarcomeres contract simultaneously, and sarcomere lengths are conservative across mammals, longer fascicles exhibit a greater excursion potential and contractile speed (Bang et al, 2006;Gokhin et al, 2009;Lieber & Fridén, 2000).…”

Section: Muscle Architecture and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscular anatomy, on both the macro-and micro-scale, is intrinsically related to muscle function (Gans & Bock, 1965;Schumacher, 1961;Turnbull, 1970). As such, quantifying skeletal muscle within a comparative context represents a critical means of bridging the divide between form and function (Anapol & Barry, 1996;Gans, 1982;Hartstone-Rose et al, 2018;Kikuchi, 2010;Lieber & Fridén, 2000;Marchi et al, 2018;Payne et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological correlates of three‐dimensional muscle architecture within the dietarily diverse Strepsirrhini

Dickinson,

Manzo,

Davis

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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Analysis of muscle architecture, traditionally conducted via gross dissection, has been used to evaluate adaptive relationships between anatomical form and behavioral function. However, gross dissection cannot preserve three‐dimensional relationships between myological structures for analysis. To analyze such data, we employ diffusible, iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (DiceCT) to explore the relationships between feeding ecology and masticatory muscle microanatomy in eight dietarily diverse strepsirrhines: allowing, for the first time, preservation of three‐dimensional fascicle orientation and tortuosity across a functional comparative sample. We find that fascicle properties derived from these digital analyses generally agree with those measured from gross‐dissected conspecifics. Physiological cross‐sectional area was greatest in species with mechanically challenging diets. Frugivorous taxa and the wood‐gouging species all exhibit long jaw adductor fascicles, while more folivorous species show the shortest relative jaw adductor fascicle lengths. Fascicle orientation in the parasagittal plane also seems to have a clear dietary association: most folivorous taxa have masseter and temporalis muscle vectors that intersect acutely while these vectors intersect obliquely in more frugivorous species. Finally, we observed notably greater magnitudes of fascicle tortuosity, as well as greater interspecific variation in tortuosity, within the jaw adductor musculature than in the jaw abductors. While the use of a single specimen per species precludes analysis of intraspecific variation, our data highlight the diversity of microanatomical variation that exists within the strepsirrhine feeding system and suggest that muscle architectural configurations are evolutionarily labile in response to dietary ecology—an observation to be explored across larger samples in the future.

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Section: Muscle Architecture and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological correlates of three‐dimensional muscle architecture within the dietarily diverse Strepsirrhini

Dickinson,

Manzo,

Davis

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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“…The volume of a skeletal muscle is a crucial determinant of its functional capacity (Gans & Bock, 1965;Lieber & Fridén, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human lower leg muscles grow asynchronously

Chow,

Morgan,

Rae

et al. 2023

Journal of Anatomy

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Muscle volume must increase substantially during childhood growth to generate the power required to propel the growing body. One unresolved but fundamental question about childhood muscle growth is whether muscles grow at equal rates; that is, if muscles grow in synchrony with each other. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advances in artificial intelligence methods (deep learning) for medical image segmentation to investigate whether human lower leg muscles grow in synchrony. Muscle volumes were measured in 10 lower leg muscles in 208 typically developing children (eight infants aged less than 3 months and 200 children aged 5 to 15 years). We tested the hypothesis that human lower leg muscles grow synchronously by investigating whether the volume of individual lower leg muscles, expressed as a proportion of total lower leg muscle volume, remains constant with age. There were substantial age‐related changes in the relative volume of most muscles in both boys and girls (p < 0.001). This was most evident between birth and five years of age but was still evident after five years. The medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, the largest muscles in infancy, grew faster than other muscles in the first five years. The findings demonstrate that muscles in the human lower leg grow asynchronously. This finding may assist early detection of atypical growth and allow targeted muscle‐specific interventions to improve the quality of life, particularly for children with neuromotor conditions such as cerebral palsy.

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“…Although muscles fulfil a very broad range of tasks, from fine motor control to explosive power, all skeletal muscles are constructed from the same basic contractile unit, the sarcomere. The arrangement of sarcomeres in each muscle determines its function (Benninghoff andRollhaüser 1952, Gans andBock 1965). However, despite decades of muscle studies, the relationship between individual sarcomere function and overall muscle behaviour is still not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element model of intramuscular pressure during isometric contraction of skeletal muscle

et al. 2002

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The measurement of in vivo intramuscular pressure (IMP) has recently become practical and IMP appears well correlated with muscle tension. A numerical model of skeletal muscle was developed to examine the mechanisms producing IMP. Unipennate muscle is modelled as a two-dimensional material continuum that is incompressible and nonlinearly anisotropic. The finite element technique is used to calculate IMP and muscle stress during passive stretch and during isometric contraction. A novel element models the contractile portion of muscle, incorporating sarcomere length-force and velocity-force relations. A range of unipennate muscle geometries can be modelled. The model was configured to simulate the rabbit tibialis anterior muscle over a range of lengths. Simulated IMP and stress results were validated against animal experimentation data. The simulation agreed well with the experimental data over the range of 0.8-1.1 of the optimal length. Severe pressure gradients were produced near the musculo-tendinous junctions while IMP was more uniform in the central muscle belly. IMP and muscle stress in relaxed (unstimulated) muscle increased nonlinearly with muscle length. IMP and stress in isometrically contracting muscle showed a local maximum at optimal length and were reduced at shorter lengths. At muscle lengths longer than optimal, stress and IMP increased predominately due to tension in the passive elastic structures.

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Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Ecological correlates of three‐dimensional muscle architecture within the dietarily diverse Strepsirrhini

Ecological correlates of three‐dimensional muscle architecture within the dietarily diverse Strepsirrhini

Human lower leg muscles grow asynchronously

Finite element model of intramuscular pressure during isometric contraction of skeletal muscle

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