Anatomo-radiological importance and the incidence of os odontoideum in Turkish subjects: a retrospective study

Öğüt, Eren; Şekerci, Rahime; Şen, Hadice Selimoğlu; Çakın, Hakan; Gediz, Tolga; Keles-Celik, Nigar

doi:10.1007/s00276-020-02421-x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Anatomically, the anterior tubercle of the atlas’s anterior arch serves as a pivotal point of attachment for the anterior longitudinal ligament and the longus coli muscle, while its posterior surface offers an articular surface for the odontoid process of the axis ( Yow et al, 2020 ). Consequently, congenital anomalies that lead to anatomical variations in the atlas or the axis may predispose individuals to instability within the cervical spine ( Öğüt et al, 2020 ). Such instability can potentially result in severe myelopathy, damage to the lower cranial and upper cervical nerves, as well as lesions affecting the vertebral vessels ( Martirosyan et al, 2011 ; Guenkel et al, 2013 ; Karavelioglu et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical variations of the atlas arches: prevalence assessment, systematic review and proposition for an updated classification system

Baena-Caldas,

Mier-García,

Griswold

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Objective and backgroundThis study focuses on the atlas, a pivotal component of the craniovertebral junction, bridging the cranium and spinal column. Notably, variations in its arches are documented globally, necessitating a thorough assessment and categorization due to their significant implications in clinical, diagnostic, functional, and therapeutic contexts. The primary objective is to ascertain the frequency of these anatomical deviations in the atlas arches among a Colombian cohort using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodologyEmploying a descriptive, cross-sectional approach, this research scrutinizes the structural intricacies of the atlas arches in CBCT scans. Analytical parameters included sex distribution and the nature of anatomical deviations as per Currarino’s classification. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant differences, including descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to enhance the current Currarino’s classification.ResultsThe study examined 839 CBCT images, with a nearly equal sex distribution (49.7% female, 50.3% male). Anatomical variations were identified in 26 instances (3%), displaying a higher incidence in females (X2 [(1, N = 839) = 4.0933, p = 0.0430]). The most prevalent variation was Type A (2.5%), followed by Type B (0.4%), and Type G (0.2%) without documenting any other variation. The systematic review yielded 7 studies. A novel classification system for these variations is proposed, considering global prevalence data in the cervical region.ConclusionThe study highlights a statistically significant predominance of Type A variations in the female subset. Given the critical nature of the craniovertebral junction and supporting evidence, it recommends an amendment to Currarino’s classification to better reflect these clinical observations. A thorough study of anatomical variations of the upper cervical spine is relevant as they can impact important functional aspects such as mobility as well as stability. Considering the intricate anatomy of this area and the pivotal function of the atlas, accurately categorizing the variations of its arches is crucial for clinical practice. This classification aids in diagnosis, surgical planning, preventing iatrogenic incidents, and designing rehabilitation strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical variations of the atlas arches: prevalence assessment, systematic review and proposition for an updated classification system

Baena-Caldas,

Mier-García,

Griswold

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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“…According to the congenital hypothesis, it may be a segmental defect, which represents a failed fusion of the dens with the axis vertebral body of C2 during embryonic development or as a consequence of the secondary ossification center at the apex of dens fusing with its main part [6]. However, some authors believe that it is a result of remote trauma leading to a chronic non-united fracture of the OP with increased instability and injuries to the soft tissue [7]. Another difference regards the location of the OO: in traumatic cases, OO occurs is commonly located at the base of the dens, while in congenital cases, it is located at synchondrosis where occurs a fusion failure [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Os odontoideum anomaly mimicking cervical fracture in a patient with maxillofacial trauma

Colangeli

Cordaro

Sorrentino

et al. 2022

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases

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“…[ 6 , 10 , 29 , 30 ] Increased frequency of OO has also been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and bipartite atlas. [ 12 , 31 , 32 ] Pediatric patients with connective tissue disorders are more susceptible to OO than adults, given ligament relaxation is reduced in adults and cervical spine instability progresses more slowly. [ 27 ] A study comparing pediatric and adult cohorts of OO patients found that Down syndrome was more common in younger individuals (6 out of 16 patients) than in adults (none out of 25 patients).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 37 ] In contrast, a Turkish study reported OO was present in 18 out of 16, 122 patients aged 20-70 years old (0.11%). [ 31 ] Although few studies have reported higher incidences of OO in males compared to females, the relationship between gender and OO frequency remains inconclusive due to low sample sizes within and poor quality of limited existing literature. [ 31 ]…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Os odontoideum

Dahdaleh

Cho

Shlobin

2022

Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine

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Os odontoideum (OO) is a rare craniocervical anomaly that is characterized by a round ossicle separated from the C2 vertebral body. With a controversial etiology and unknown prevalence in the population, OO may be asymptomatic or present in patients with myelopathic and neurological symptoms. In this literature review, we aimed to investigate epidemiology, embryology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and the role of diagnostic radiography in OO. By providing an overview of different management strategies, surgical complications, and postoperative considerations for OO, our findings may guide neurosurgeons in providing proper diagnosis and treatment for OO patients. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. A search using the query “os odontoideum” yielded 4319 results, of which 112 articles were chosen and analyzed for insights on factors such as etiology, clinical presentation, and management of OO. The presentation of OO varies widely from asymptomatic cases to severe neurological deficits. Asymptomatic patients can be managed either conservatively or surgically, while symptomatic patients should undergo operative stabilization. Although multiple studies show different techniques for surgical management involving posterior fusion, the diversity of such cases illustrates how treatment must be tailored to the individual patient to prevent complications. Conflicting studies and the paucity of current literature on OO highlight poor comprehension of the condition. Further understanding of the natural history of OO is critical to form evidence-based guidelines for the management of OO patients. More large-center studies are thus needed to promote accurate management of OO patients with optimal outcomes.

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Anatomo-radiological importance and the incidence of os odontoideum in Turkish subjects: a retrospective study

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Anatomical variations of the atlas arches: prevalence assessment, systematic review and proposition for an updated classification system

Anatomical variations of the atlas arches: prevalence assessment, systematic review and proposition for an updated classification system

Os odontoideum anomaly mimicking cervical fracture in a patient with maxillofacial trauma

Os odontoideum

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