Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Elbow Joint

Effect of elbow flexion angles on stress distribution of the proximal ulnar and radius bones under a vertical load: measurement using resistance strain gauges

“…Since the elbow joint has a certain valgus angle (carrying angle), 60 % of the vertical load is concentrated on the humeroradial joint [2],[3]. This finding is consistent with the observation in clinical practice that coronoid process fractures alone are rare among severe elbow joint injuries, which are most frequently combined with radial head fractures [19].…”

A protocol for clinical evaluation of the carrying angle of the elbow by anatomic landmarks

“…It is important to recognize the unique anatomy of the elbow. 11 It has a bony geometry, articulation, and soft tissue structures, and the amount of force transmitted across the joint depends on the loading configurations and the angular orientation of the joint. 21 Our particular interest was focused on the angle between the arm and the forearm in the frontal plane, 1,2,3,7,12,20,17,23,24,27,36,31 called the carrying angle, which has an important role when carrying loads.…”

Total elbow arthroplasty in haemophilia

“…As such, unlike deficits in the lower extremity, which tend to cause mobility problems, severe deficits in the elbow lead to challenges with activities of daily living. 17 Total elbow arthroplasty is much less common than hip and knee replacements, but it has gained popularity in recent years, doubling in use in the United States between 1998 and 2011. 18 TEA has been described as one of the most challenging joint replacements due to the forces at the elbow created by the long lever of the forearm.…”