Anatomy and Disorders of the Beak and Oral Cavity of Birds

Speer, Brian L.; Powers, Lauren V.

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2016.04.003

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Squabs are fed on crop milk at the first few days followed by crop milk mixed with grains (Abdel‐Azeem, 2010). While adult pigeons fed on grains and seeds that require more developed salivary glands (Speer & Powers, 2016). The higher number of lingual salivary gland openings produce much more saliva to lubricate the dry seeds ingested by adult pigeons and facilitate swallowing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphological study of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica)

Mahdy

2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The current study compared the morphological features of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Samples from the oropharyngeal floor of both squabs and adult pigeons were collected directly after slaughtering. The collected samples were examined grossly, morphometrically, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower beak had triangular shape with pointed rostral end. The tongue did not fill the entire oral floor in squabs as well as adult pigeons. The lingual apex of squabs had a small lingual nail while that of the adult pigeons had a well‐developed lingual nail. The lingual body was separated from the lingual root by a transverse papillary crest, which was “V” shaped in squabs but “U”‐shaped in adult pigeons. Filiform papillae were distributed on the dorsal surface of lingual apex, as well as, body, but were absent on the root. The lingual root presented fine elevations and low projections in squabs and adult pigeons, respectively. On the other hand, the tongue of adult pigeons had larger number of the lingual salivary glands openings compared to that of squabs. In addition, the edges of the glottis had numerous small projections in squabs bur presented large dome‐shaped papillae in adult pigeons. Moreover, adult pigeons had longer pharyngeal papillae at pharyngoesophageal junction than those of squabs. In conclusion, these variations suggest that adult pigeons adapted well to their diet, which might reflect higher efficiency of food prehension

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphological study of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica)

Mahdy

2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Because CT provides a three-dimensional image without overlapping structures (Speer & Powers, 2016), the height and width measurements of the maxillary and mandibular rostra were done using this imaging modality. The beak of the toco toucan was the largest among the species evaluated, including length, height and width.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beak of birds is considered a complex structure, with adaptations and functions that may be species‐specific (Olsen, 2003; Speer & Powers, 2016). Its functions include the usage as a tool for feeding, object manipulation, defence, courtship, preening and nest building (Worell, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiologic and computed tomography evaluation of the beaks from three bird species

da Silva,

Rahal,

da Silva

et al. 2024

Anat Histol Embryol

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This study aimed to evaluate the beaks of three species of birds using radiography and computed tomography (CT). The mean lengths of maxillary and mandibular rostra on radiographs were highest for toco toucan, followed by buff‐necked ibis, and least for red‐legged seriema birds. The height and width of maxillary and mandibular rostra measured on CT had mean values highest for toco toucans, followed by red‐legged seriema, and least for buff‐necked ibis. Except for the proximal region of the maxillary rostrum, the HU values were positive for other regions of the maxillary and mandibular rostra in the buff‐necked ibis and red‐legged seriema and negative in all for the toco toucan.

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“…The beak is a unique feeding organ of all birds. The bone parts of the beak consist of premaxilla and mandible, and the outer surface of the bone is usually covered with cuticle (Speer and Powers, 2016). This cuticle is very thick compared with common epidermis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Initiation and Aging of Hens During the Laying Period by Raman Analysis of Beaks

et al. 2019

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Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied in the analysis of biological tissues. In this study, beak cuticle was studied to investigate its compositional and secondary structural changes during the laying period and aging of laying hens. The analysis revealed markedly increased contents of amide I and amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) within the beak during the intense laying period from 17 to 20 weeks. In addition, α-helical protein was also gradually synthesized in this period. The relative area ratio of 1003/1448 cm -1 (assigned to the vibrations of phenylalanine and organic C-H respectively) was confirmed as an excellent indicator for estimating the start of the laying period. This ratio increased from 0.36 to 0.42 from 17 to 20 weeks. The Raman peak at 1156 cm -1 was assigned to carotenoids in the beak. The intensities of the 1156 cm -1 peak significantly decreased during aging. The area ratio of 1156/1448 cm -1 was successfully applied to estimate ages (still within the laying period) of laying hens. This study shows the potential of using Raman spectroscopy to quantify ages and laying period of birds.

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Anatomy and Disorders of the Beak and Oral Cavity of Birds

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Comparative morphological study of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica)

Comparative morphological study of the oropharyngeal floor of squabs and adult domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica)

Radiologic and computed tomography evaluation of the beaks from three bird species

Identifying Initiation and Aging of Hens During the Laying Period by Raman Analysis of Beaks

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